At birth the newborn infant is required to make an abrupt adjustment to a new environment. Hitherto its existence has been parasitic and its needs have been supplied by the maternal organism. The most immediate dramatic changes required to support extra uterine life are concerned with respiration and the circulation. The infant must achieve a regular respiratory rhythm and be able to expand its...

INTRODUCTION Respiratory Syncytial Virus is a common neonatal pathogen. Here we present a case of a premature, low birth weight infant who contracted respiratory syncytial virus and developed a severe pulmonary hemorrhage. CASE PRESENTATION A 12-day-old Asian male, former 30-week premature infant with a birth weight of 1025 grams presented with nasal secretions, episodes of desaturations and ...

The thermal environment surrounding preterm neonates in closed incubators is regulated via air temperature control mode. At present, these control modes do not take account of all the thermal parameters involved in a pattern of incubator such as the thermal parameters of preterm neonates (birth weight < 1000 grams). The objective of this work is to design and validate a generalized predictive c...

The surfactant lining the walls of the alveoli in the lungs increases pulmonary compliance and prevents collapse of the lung at the end of expiration. In premature born infants, surfactant deficiency causes problems, and lung surfactant replacements are instilled to facilitate breathing. These pulmonary surfactants, which form complex structured fluid-fluid interfaces, need to spread with great...

Toward the end of gestation in mammals, the fetal lung undergoes a process of differentiation that is required for transition to air breathing at birth. Respiratory epithelial cells synthesize the surfactant proteins and lipids that together form the pulmonary surfactant complex necessary for lung function. Failure of this process causes respiratory distress syndrome, a leading cause of perinat...

At birth the newborn infant is required to make an abrupt adjustment to a new environment. Hitherto its existence has been parasitic and its needs have been supplied by the maternal organism. The most immediate dramatic changes required to support extra uterine life are concerned with respiration and the circulation. The infant must achieve a regular respiratory rhythm and be able to expand its...

;The pulmonary syndrome of the newborn' is a term used for a complex group of lesions. It has been found that in the important forms of this disorder lesions of the larynx are very common, probably constant, and are ulcers of pressure type occurring on the vocal folds and ventricular bands (;true' and ;false' cords). Abnormal closure of the larynx, especially spasm, must be the cause of the ulc...

D’Angio CT, Ryan RM. Animal models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The preterm and term rabbit models. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 307: L959–L969, 2014. First published October 17, 2014; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00228.2014.—Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an important lung developmental pathophysiology that affects many premature infants each year. Newborn animal models employing both prem...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an important lung developmental pathophysiology that affects many premature infants each year. Newborn animal models employing both premature and term animals have been used over the years to study various components of BPD. This review describes some of the neonatal rabbit studies that have contributed to the understanding of BPD, including those using term ...

objective: considering the various evidences due to effects of trace elements on the outcome of pregnancy, we decided to assess the effect of these elements levels in maternal and cord serum on low birth weight. materials and methods: an analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 344 pregnant women in labour and their neonates in maryam, akbarabadi and vali-e-asr hospitals in tehran, ir...