For the treatment of acute poisoning from the inhalation of nickel carbonyl, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (Dithiocarb) has proved to be a specific antidote; tetraethylthiuram (Antabuse) is effective to a lesser degree; d-penicillamine and dimercaprol (BAL) have limited therapeutic value. For the treatment of nickel eczema and dermatitis, favorable response has been obtained by placing patients...

Nickel is a potent environmental pollutant in industrial countries. Because nickel compounds are carcinogenic, exposure to nickel represents a serious hazard to human health. The understanding of how nickel exerts its toxic and carcinogenic effects at a molecular level may be important in risk assessment, as well as in the treatment and prevention of occupational diseases. Previously, using hum...

Five nickel compounds were adm inistered to rats by intrarenal (ir ) injec­ tion to assess the relative efficacies of the compounds for induction of erythrocytosis, based upon measurements of blood packed cell volume (PCV) at intervals from one to six months after the injection. Nickel subsul­ fide (aN i3S2) was the most potent inducer of erythrocytosis, followed by crystalline nickel monosulfi...

Toxicity testing in AS52 cells (24-hr exposures) gave LC50 values of 2 to 130 micrograms Ni/ml for particulate nickel compounds and 45 to 60 micrograms Ni/ml for water-soluble salts (NiCl2, NiSO4, Ni(CH3COO)2). The Ni(OH)2, NiCO3, and sulfides (Ni3S2, Ni7S6, "amorphous NiS") exhibited similar toxicities (LC50's of 2 to 8 micrograms Ni/ml), while three nickel oxides were more variable and less t...

Synonyms, trade names, and molecular formulae for nickel, nickel alloys, and selected nickel compounds are presented in Table 1.1. This list is not exhaustive, nor does it necessarily reflect the commercial importance of the various nickel-containing substances, but it is indicative of the range of nickel alloys and compounds available, including some compounds that are important commercially, ...

Nickel (II), a ubiquitous environmental and industrial contaminant, is a well-known human carcinogen, particularly in human lung cancer. Although by itself it is a weak mutagen, nickel (II) is able to significantly enhance the genotoxicity of other mutagens and carcinogens, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and ultraviolet light. Certain human populations, especially cigarette smo...

Escherichia coli NikR regulates cellular nickel uptake by binding to the nik operon in the presence of nickel and blocking transcription of genes encoding the nickel uptake transporter. NikR has two binding affinities for the nik operon: a nanomolar dissociation constant with stoichiometric nickel and a picomolar dissociation constant with excess nickel [Bloom, S. L., and Zamble, D. B. (2004) B...

Andrew, Angeline S., Linda R. Klei, and Aaron Barchowsky. Nickel requires hypoxia-inducible factor-1a, not redox signaling, to induce plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 281: L607–L615, 2001.—Human epidemiological and animal studies have associated inhalation of nickel dusts with an increased incidence of pulmonary fibrosis. At the cellular level, particulate n...

N ickel is a potentially allergenic material. It is one of the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis, particularly in women. l-5 Nickel can also be considered an occupational allergen. Nickel contact dermatitis is common among industrial workers, especially in those industries that use nickel as a raw material. It has been demonstrated that U.S. S-cent coins contain approximately 25...