An identity links the rate of economic growth, the speed of poverty reduction and changes in the distribution of income during some time period in a given country. A few authors used that identity to understand the causes for observed changes in poverty and to identify the exact role of economic growth in poverty reduction. Yet, many empirical cross-country studies of the relationship between g...

This paper explains why the overall stance of monetary policy is effected by both interest rates and the exchange rate, and hence why a Monetary Conditions Indicator can provide useful information about the stance of policy. Three output gap equations estimated in this paper reveal that the real interest rate and the real exchange rate both affect excess demand but that the real interest rate i...

national currency depreciation or appreciation has always been argued seriously among policymakers since changing in exchange rate could cause improvement or deficit in trade balance. these changes affect the trade volume of a country in both short-run and long-run. long-run effects are recognized as the marshall-lerner condition, while short-run effects are analyzed by two concepts: j-curve an...

i n the past decades, the effect of different tax amendments on various economic issues has been studied. the majority of these studies have avoided considering shadow economy as part of the calculation and analysis, and an issue, which has received little attention, is the relationship between green tax reforms and shadow economy, as for informal labor, which is well-connected to unemployment ...

abstract research and development (r&d;) spending plays a major role in innovation, raising productivity and increasing economic growth. the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of r&d; spending on growth and total factor productivity (tfp) in iran's agricultural sector. we estimate growth and productivity models using auto-regressive distributed lag (ardl) approach and data over ...

The inconclusiveness of findings from various studies on Nigeria the effect crude oil price fluctuation stock market has led to an argument in literature, thus necessitating further exploration subject. This study examines variations selected performance variables using monthly frequency data covering January 1997 December 2016. Variance decomposition, impulse response analysis, and VAR estimat...

Sentiment analysis is an important current research area. This paper combines rule-based classification, supervised learning andmachine learning into a new combinedmethod. Thismethod is tested onmovie reviews, product reviews and MySpace comments. The results show that a hybrid classification can improve the classification effectiveness in terms of microand macro-averaged F1. F1 is a measure th...

277 .234 .230 Cited works .344 .290 .308 Conclusion .206 .193 .193 Full text .349 .283 .300 Introduction .283 .213 .231 Keyword .387 .366 .368 Source title .323 .304 .299 Title .319 .293 .296 TABLE 3. Macroaveraged precision, recall, and F-measure for the homo-

Let X1 and X2 be two independent and nonnegative random variables with distributions F1 and F2, respectively. This paper proves that if both F1 and F2 are of Weibull type and fulfill certain easily verifiable conditions, then the distribution of the product X1 X2, called the product convolution of F1 and F2, belongs to the class S and, hence, is subexponential. 2000 Mathematics subject classifi...

In this paper, we let (X, f1,∞) be a non-autonomous discrete system on a compact metric space X. For a positive k, the properties P̂ (k) and Q̂(k) of Furstenberg families are introduced for any integer k > 0. Based on the two properties, we prove that (F1,F2)sensitivity and weakly (F1,F2)-sensitivity are invariant under iterations. MR(2000) Subject Classification: 54H20, 54B20, 37B99, 37D45.