launched a successful campaign to criminalize abortion at all stages of pregnancy. Virtually every state had passed laws criminalizing abortion by 1890, and most gave physicians authority to decide when abortion was medically necessary (Mohr 1978; Luker 1984).1 Many of these laws remained unchanged until vacated by the Supreme Court’s 1973 Roe v. Wade decision. Most historians of abortion asser...

The practice of bloodletting or phlebotomy was a predominant feature of western medicine in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and the use of medicinal leeches as a mild form of letting blood achieved immense notoriety in the second quarter of the nineteenth century, especially in France. The almost insatiable demand for leeches drove a lucrative trade in these animals, the history of whi...

MATTHEWS wrote: 'The compilation of a pharmacopoeia by the physicians and the apothecaries of a hospital proved a great convenience to the many resident and consulting physicians treating patients there. Prescriptions in regular use for the treatment of a particular set of symptoms constituted the bulk of the formulae. Time could be saved by merely writing the name of the mixture or pills, etc....

IN THE course of the nineteenth century, the foundations of our modern understanding of the blood were laid. The part played by the cell in the body's economy was worked out, particularly by Virchow,1 and this permitted a rational understanding of the nature and role of blood cells. Technological advances such as the refinement of microscopes and the development of staining techniques enabled t...

RESUMEN: This paper has both substantive and methodological concerns: Substantively, it is concerned with changes in the treatment of the concept "enlightenment" over the course of the nineteenth century. Its goal is to track the transmission, translation, and appropriation of German discussions on the nature, ends, and implications of Aufklärung into English. Its particular focus lies with the...

Same-sex studies are now so advanced that "source books" retrieving their record, like this one, are a boom-industry. The development parallels studies of gender arrangements in the pre-AIDS aftermath of the Wolfenden Act of 1967 which legalized consenting homosexual intercourse in private. Both are nuanced and trustworthy, but White's is the first compilation in English to document the ninetee...

RESUMEN: This paper has both substantive and methodological concerns: Substantively, it is concerned with changes in the treatment of the concept "enlightenment" over the course of the nineteenth century. Its goal is to track the transmission, translation, and appropriation of German discussions on the nature, ends, and implications of Aufklärung into English. Its particular focus lies with the...

RESUMEN: This paper has both substantive and methodological concerns: Substantively, it is concerned with changes in the treatment of the concept "enlightenment" over the course of the nineteenth century. Its goal is to track the transmission, translation, and appropriation of German discussions on the nature, ends, and implications of Aufklärung into English. Its particular focus lies with the...