We describe five novel Methylophilaceae ecotypes from a single ecological niche in Lake Washington, USA, and compare them to three previously described ecotypes, in terms of their phenotype and genome sequence divergence. Two of the ecotypes appear to represent novel genera within the Methylophilaceae. Genome-based metabolic reconstruction highlights metabolic versatility of Methylophilaceae wi...

11. NOGUCHI, M., K. YAMAMOTO, AND E. TAMAKI. 1961. Studies on the nitrogen metabolism in tobacco plants. A. I. Nitrogenous compounds in the tobacco sap. Agr. Biol. Chem. 25: 626-31. 12. PIERRE, W. H. AND G. G. POHLMANN. 1933. Preliminiary studies of the exuded plant sap and the relation between the composition of the sap and the soil solution. Agron. J. 25: 14460. 13. PUCHER, G. W., C. S. LEAVE...

1. The effect of nitrate reduction and assimilation on the CO(2)/O(2) quotient of gas exchange has been used as an index of the relative rates of carbon and nitrogen assimilation in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Changes in over-all metabolism induced by starvation, high light intensity, and nitrogen deficiency have been studied in comparison with the metabolism of cells growing at light-limiting inten...

Synthesis of glutamate, the cell's major donor of nitrogen groups and principal anion, occupies a significant fraction of bacterial metabolism. In Bacillus subtilis, the gltAB operon, encoding glutamate synthase, requires a specific positive regulator, GltC, for its expression. In addition, the gltAB operon was shown to be repressed by TnrA, a regulator of several other genes of nitrogen metabo...

Nitrogen metabolism and kidney function of the dik-dik antelope (Rhynchotragus kirkii) were studied under a range of controlled, experimental conditions and diets. Dik-dik antelope remained in nitrogen balance even when fed a diet low in protein and high in fibre. When fed a diet high in protein (20%) and water ad-libitum, 55.3% of the urea filtered by the kidney was reabsorbed. Limiting water ...

We surveyed the functional gene composition and diversity of microbial biofilm communities in 18 New Zealand streams affected by different types of catchment land use, using a comprehensive functional gene array, GeoChip 3.0. A total of 5,371 nutrient cycling and energy metabolism genes within 65 gene families were detected among all samples (342 to 2,666 genes per stream). Carbon cycling genes...

Crop productivity depends on nitrogen fertilization, but plants take up only an average of 30–50% the applied nitrogen. Developing rice cultivars with improved use efficiency or low-nitrogen (LN) tolerance is critical for sustainable agriculture. In this study, a backcross introgression line (G9) 15 introgressed regions from donor parent and its recurrent Shuhui 527 (G1), which are differential...

Elevated CO2 concentrations were found to cause early senescence during leaf development in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants, probably by reducing nitrogen availability since key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism, including nitrate reductase (NR); glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), were affected. Elevated CO2 concentrations significantly decreased the activity of n...

Cytokinin (CTK) has an important regulatory effect on plant morphology, physiology, and yield, is one of the main factors regulating nitrogen absorption, transport, metabolism. This paper reviews research progress in transport metabolism, cytokinin synthesis, signal transduction, etc., focusing physiological mechanisms by which CTK collaborate to regulate root–shoot relationship its impact agro...