BACKGROUND This study was conducted to estimate the neonatal tetanus (NNT) mortality rate and to identify the risk factors for NNT deaths in Loralai District, Pakistan. METHOD We conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey during July-September 1997. We stratified the sample proportionate to population of union councils. The most populous village in a union council was selected first. ...

UNLABELLED We assessed the efficacy of nonpharmacologic techniques to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) by systematic review. These studies included acupuncture, electroacupuncture, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, acupoint stimulation, and acupressure. Of the 24 randomized trials retrieved by a search of articles indexed on the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (1980-1997...

OBJECTIVE To determine the numbers needed to treat (NNT) and relative risk reduction (RRR) associated with neuromuscular training programs aimed at preventing noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes. DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORT Discus, CINAHL, and Web of Science from 1966 through 2005 using the terms knee, injury, anterior cruciate ligament,...

Main results People receiving sertraline maintenance had better psychosocial outcomes compared to placebo (table). Depression recurrence was 6% with sertraline and 23% with placebo maintenance (NNT 6, 95% CI 4 to 15; relative risk reduction 74%, 95% CI 49% to 99%). Symptom re-emergence was 26% with sertraline versus 50% with placebo (NNT 4, 95% CI 3 to 11, relative risk reduction 48%, 95% CI 25...

It is by no means straightforward to analyse the change in the rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations in clinical trials. Exacerbation rates do not follow a normal distribution, nor do they occur at random. High exacerbation rates in a few patients can make average rates difficult to calculate and interpret. So, surely, transforming exacerbation rates into numbers ne...

In this paper an ARIMA model is used for time-series forecast involving wind speed measurements. Results are compared with the performance of a back propagation type NNT. Results show that ARIMA model is better than NNT for short time-intervals to forecast (10 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours). Data was acquired from a unit located in Southern Andalusia (Peñaflor, Sevilla), with a soft orog...

The number needed to treat (NNT) is becoming increasingly popular as an index for reporting the results of randomized trials and other clinical studies. It represents the expected number of patients who must be treated with an experimental therapy in order to prevent one additional adverse outcome event (or, depending on the context, to expect one additional beneficial outcome), compared to the...

Background Several recent trials in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have assessed the effectiveness of fluticasone–salmeterol combination inhaler preventing COPD exacerbations, while finding an increased risk pneumonia. The number needed to treat (NNT) is a simple measure perform comparative benefit–risk impact, but its calculation involving repeated outcome events such as...

We evaluate the physical properties that allow for eÆcient volume holographic recording utilizing photoinitiated (cationic-ring-opening) polymerization. We primarily identify monomer di usive transport that contributes to grating development even after exposure at high intensities, yielding high recording sensitivity. The Physical Properties of Volume Holographic Recording utilizing Photoinitia...