Nitrogen dioxide vertical column density (NO2 VCD) measurements via satellite are compared with a finescale regional chemistry transport model, using a new approach that considers varying satellite footprint sizes. Spaceborne NO2 VCD measurement has been used as a proxy for surface nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission, especially for anthropogenic urban emission, so accurate comparison of satellite an...

We recently reported the first multiple oxygen isotope composition of nitrate (NO3 ̄) in ice cores. Post-depositional photolysis and volatilization may alter the isotopic signatures of snowpack nitrate. Therefore, the precise assessment of the geochemical/atmospheric significance of O-isotopic signatures requires information on the relative rates of photolysis (λ > 300 nm) of NO3, NO2O ̄ and NO2O...

This paper studies the interannual variability of pollution pathways from northern hemisphere (NH) continents into the Arctic. Using a 15-year model simulation of the dispersion of passive tracers representative of anthropogenic emissions from NH continents, we show that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) exerts a strong control on the pollution transport into the Arctic, particularly in wint...

RTCA DO-333, Formal Methods Supplement to DO-178C and DO278A, provides guidance for software developers wishing to use formal methods in the certification of airborne systems and air traffic management systems. This paper presents three case studies describing the use of different classes of formal methods to satisfy DO-178C certification objectives. The case studies examine different aspects o...

We present a 16-year-old patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome admitted with syncope and aborted sudden cardiac death. Electrocardiography showed only a short PR interval without a delta wave. The QRS transition zone was on V2 in the precordial leads. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory cardiac rhythm monitoring showed an obvious delta wave only at night-time. Electrophysiologic testing was perfo...

Linagliptin is a highly potent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Unlike other DPP-4 inhibitors, linagliptin is cleared primarily via the bile and gut. We used a panel of stably and transiently transfected cell lines to elucidate the carrier-mediated transport processes that are involved in linagliptin disposition in vivo and to assess the po...

8 collimations 109-209-209-209 we obtained a wavevector resolution of dQ=Q ˆ 0:0020. Inelastic neutron scattering. A 50-g powder sample was sealed with He exchange gas in a thin-walled aluminium can for the inelastic neutronscattering experiments at the NIST centre for neutron research. For energy transfers ,40 meV we used a direct geometry time-of̄ight (TOF) spectrometer in the neutron energy g...