Network sensors consist of sensor nodes in which every node covers a limited area. The most common use ofthese networks is in unreachable fields.Sink is a node that collects data from other nodes.One of the main challenges in these networks is the limitation of nodes battery (power supply). Therefore, the use oftopology control is required to decrease power consumption and increase network acce...

A new era in wireless sensor network technology has been ushered in through the introduction of multimedia sensor networks, which has a major bottleneck in the form of network congestion. Congestion occurs when resources are in high demand during the active period while the data processing and transmission speeds lag behind the speed of the incoming traffic. This may disrupt normal network oper...

With the field of wireless sensor networks rapidly maturing, the focus shifts from “easy” deployments, like remote monitoring, to more difficult domains where applications impose strict, real-time constraints on performance. One such class of applications is safety critical systems, like fire and burglar alarms, where events detected by sensor nodes have to be reported reliably and timely to a ...

Wireless sensor nodes are use most embedded computing application. Multihop cluster hierarchy has been presented for large wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that can provide scalable routing, data aggregation, and querying. The energy consumption rate for sensors in a WSN varies greatly based on the protocols the sensors use for communications. In this paper we present a cluster based routing alg...

Abstract Nodes in performance heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs) often have varying levels of available energy, storage space, and processing power due to the network’s limited resources. Additionally, coverage redundancy channel conflicts may adversely influence quality service a network when many nodes been deployed at once. Energy as major constrained resource requires an effecti...

Since sensor nodes use batteries as their source of energy, energy-based routing becomes an important requirement to extend network lifetime. This routing is done using the nodes remaining energy information. Nonetheless, this information cannot be estimated using built-in primitives in nodes powered by a lithium-ion battery. The reason is that primitives rely on the decreasing battery voltage ...

One of the major routes for spread of cancer is via lymphatic vessels to local lymph nodes. For this reason, local lymph nodes are removed to prevent further spread of tumors. Over the years, surgery has evolved from therapeutic lymphadenectomy for involved nodes to elective lymphadenectomy when the risk of harboring metastasis was high. Two major problems encountered with such an approach incl...

In this paper, a new circuit scheme is proposed to reduce the power consumption of dynamic circuits. In the proposed circuit, an NMOS keeper transistor is used to maintain the voltage level in the output node against charge sharing, leakage current and noise sources. Using the proposed keeper scheme, the voltage swing on the dynamic node is lowered to reduce the power consumption of wide fan-in...

Wireless Sensor Networks is an promising epitome of correlating and calculating, where a node may be self-powered and discrete node have the proficiency to intellect and interconnect. Because sensors have restricted battery power, energy efficient routing is vital. A new sensor routing scheme Q-LEACH that conglomerates the Q-DIR protocol and clustering model in LEACH protocol has been represent...