background: sentinel lymph node biopsy (slnb) has replaced axillary lymph node dissection (alnd) in early breast cancer patients as the first line surgical approach to axillary nodes. further dissection is performed only when sln is involved by tumor cells. however, in a significant proportion of patients, non-sentinel nodes are still not involved and axillary dissection has no additional thera...

A macro-continuum model of the traffic flow is derived from a micro-car-following that considers both upslope and downslope by using transformation relationship between macro- micro-variables. The perturbation propagation characteristics stability conditions macroscopic continuum equation are discussed. For uniform in initial equilibrium state, reveal as slope angle increased under action small...

breast cancer is a major cause of mortality in women due to malignant diseases and is the most prevalent type of cancer in western countries. according to investigations which has been done in iran so far, the prevalence of disease in our country is also very high, therefore complete attention to clinical and pathological findings of this disease would be extremely essential. in this study, the...

In this paper, we assume a firm tries to determine the optimal price, vehicle route and location of the depot in each zone to maximise its profit. Therefore, in this paper zone pricing is studied which contributes to the literature of location-routing problems (LRP). Zone pricing is one of the most important pricing policies that are prevalently used by many companies. The proposed problem is v...

[1] We formulate and apply a multicommodity network flow node-arc optimization model capable of tracking trade transactions in complex water resource systems. The model uses a simple node to node network connectivity matrix and does not require preprocessing of all possible flow paths in the network. We compare the proposed node-arc formulation with an existing arc-path (flow path) formulation ...

background: in this study we evaluated the prognostic impact of metastatic lymph node ratio (mlr) in patients with gastric cancer undergoing curative surgical resection. methods: a total of 121 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma undergoing curative r0 surgical resection in our institutions between 2003 and 2010 were included in this study.  mlr was classified into 3 groups as follows: mlr0; 0...

We present a mathematical description of the voter model dynamics on heterogeneous networks. When the average degree of the graph is μ ≤ 2 the system reaches complete order exponentially fast. For μ > 2, a finite system falls, before it fully orders, in a quasistationary state in which the average density of active links (links between opposite-state nodes) in surviving runs is constant and equ...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the role of core needle biopsy of axillary lymph nodes with suspected metastases from breast cancer and to correlate the imaging and histologic findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively studied 74 patients diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of axillary lymph nodes with characteristics suggestive of metastases on ultraso...

We address with fluid-dynamical simulations using direct numerical techniques three important and fundamental questions with respect to fluid flow within the mouse node and left-right development. First, we consider the differences between what is experimentally observed when assessing cilium-induced fluid flow in the mouse node in vitro and what is to be expected in vivo. The distinction is th...