Recent years have brought many changes in the U.S. economy. The rapid development of telecommunications and the Internet are only two examples of an incredible continuing evolution and progressively changing business environment. Correspondingly, economists and statisticians are improving their tools for measuring the economy. One basic tool is the classification of businesses by industry. Sinc...

This paper studies the effect of regional spillovers on the rate of finn formation in two major West Gennan industries for the time period from 1989 to 1993. I exploit regional variations in finn fonnation at the county level to identify the effects of historically given industry structure and employment structure on the emergence of new firms. The results are consistent with the existence of l...

the present study surveys the effect of bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic conditions on bank performance to examine the structure-conduct-performance (scp) hypothesis in iranian banking industry. to achieve this goal, we drew upon the panel data technique to analyze the data of eleven public and private iranian banks during 2001-2006. firstly, productivity was calculated by usi...

Introduction Pavement texture is defined by the irregularities on a pavement surface that deviate from an ideal, perfectly flat surface. As shown in Figure 1, the World Road Association (PIARC) has established standard categories of texture, classified by wavelength. These categories include microtexture (wavelengths up to 0.5 mm), macrotexture (0.5 to 50 mm), megatexture (50 to 500 mm), and ro...

the implementation of economic projects by targeting the subsidies can have a great effect on the costcompetitiveness of the industries and their products. the global steel industry has been considered as a basickey industry in the industrialized countries. it is also among the industries that may be seriously affected by theenforcement of subsidies. this industry, requiring energy and high-tec...

what are the main success factors of microfinance institutions in providing financial services to poor people in a sustainable manner? in this article we try to answer this question. in one hand, we analyze the core compatibility between microeconomics of asymmetric information, transaction cost and risk, and new different operational mechanisms applied by microfinance institutions. on the othe...

The main objective of this study is to explore how ESG disclosure effectively promotes technological innovation capabilities (TIC) and also in different industries (green vs. high-tech). Further, examine the role financing constraint (FC) relationship between TIC. We employed panel regression model, Causal step approach, Bootstrap mediation effect test, 2SLS, GMM model. used Bloomberg’s score C...