Abstract Data provenance is a form of knowledge graph providing an account what system performs, describing the data involved, and processes carried out over them. It crucial to ascertaining origin data, validating their quality, auditing applications behaviours, and, ultimately, making them accountable. However, instrumenting applications, especially legacy ones, track operations remains signi...

Non-intrusive load monitoring takes place in residential and industrial contexts to disaggregate identify loads connected a distribution grid. This work studies the applicability effectiveness for AC railways, considering highly dynamic behavior of rolling stock as an electric load, immersed varying moving loads. Both voltage–current diagrams harmonic spectra were considered identification extr...