Sleep and wake in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are often fragmented as manifested by bouts of wakefulness at night and napping during the day. Management of sleep disturbances in AD is important because of their negative impact on both patients and caregivers. Pharmacological treatments, mainly sedative-hypnotics and antipsychotics, are often used but can be associated with significant adverse effe...

Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most frequent joint disorders, and its major symptoms are pain and physical disability. Cartilage regeneration therapies are still under development, and current treatments target pain and disability. Physical activity could be a cheap and effective therapeutic option. However, it is not yet known which types of exercise are the most beneficial, as well as its ...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder in children and adolescents. ADHD affects multiple aspects of an individual's life and functioning in family, social, and academic realms. Effective management of ADHD is necessary for children and adolescents and may include non-pharmacologic treatments, pharmacologic therapy including use of stimulant and non...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis. Radiographic and or pathologic changes of OA are present in most people older than 65 years old. The management of OA is divided into medical / non surgical and surgical treatment. The medical treatment consisted of pharmacologic and non pharmacologic treatment. The pharmacologic treatment of OA is still problematic for many patients, ei...

Insomnia is highly prevalent and is associated with a range of psychological, psychiatric, and medical conditions. Insomnia affects health by influencing cognitive, emotional and social functioning. Circadian and sleep homeostatic processes play an important role in insomnia development and its maintenance. Several efficacious treatments, both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic, exist for the ...

Progesterone products are available in prescription form as well as over-the-counter (OTC) topical preparations sold for "cosmetic" uses. In a randomized study design, the authors compared the drug exposure from an OTC progesterone cream to a Food and Drug Administration-approved oral preparation at the labeled daily doses recommended for each product. Twelve healthy postmenopausal women receiv...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other forms of neurodegenerative dementia are of growing concern in the medical field due to their increased prevalence in the elderly. The pharmacological interventions currently available have limited ability to improve dementia symptoms (cognition, function, behavioral) and quality of life (QoL). Therefore, there has been a growing interest in non-pharmacologic a...