Although clinic-based studies have used biochemical validation to estimate the percentage of pregnant women who deny smoking but are actually smokers, a population-based estimate of nondisclosure of smoking status in US pregnant women has not been calculated. The authors analyzed data from the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and estimated the percentage of 994 pregnan...

BACKGROUND An obstetrical paradox is that maternal smoking is protective for the development of preeclampsia. However, there are no prior studies investigating the risk of preeclampsia in women who were exposed to tobacco smoking during their own fetal period. We aimed to study the subsequent risk of preeclampsia in women who were exposed to tobacco smoke in utero, using a national population-b...

background: scenes depicting smoking are among the causes of smoking initiation in youth. the present study was the first in iran to collect some primary information regarding the presence of smoking scenes in movies and propagation of tobacco use. methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted by polling audience about smoking scenes in persian movies on theaters in 2011. data were collecte...

BACKGROUND Second-hand smoke is a severe health hazard for children. Clinical guidelines suggest that nurses advise smoking parents to quit when they accompany their sick children to paediatric settings, but the guidelines did not mention what nurses can do if the parents are not with the children. This study examines the effectiveness of a low-intensity, nurse-led health instructional initiati...

Objectives—To present a broad exploration of the relationship of women and tobacco in Indonesia and to describe action on tobacco and health specific to women taken by government and non-government agencies. Data sources—Published and unpublished prevalence surveys, oYcial documents, vernacular newspapers, secondary sources, unstructured interviews, and personal observations. Study selection—Da...

BACKGROUND Prior national surveys capture smoking behaviors of the aggregated U.S. Hispanic/Latino population, possibly obscuring subgroup variation. PURPOSE To describe cigarette use among Hispanic/Latino adults across subgroups of age, gender, national background, SES, birthplace, and degree of acculturation to the dominant U.S. culture. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 16,322 particip...

OBJECTIVES It has been demonstrated that the deleterious effect of smoking on the cardiovascular system is mediated through a decrease in protective HDL cholesterol. In addition, women are more sensitive to the negative effects of smoking, although the exact mechanism underlying this phenomenon is currently unknown. In this study, we evaluated whether smoking habits could modify the association...

OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of cigarette prices, restrictions on public smoking, and health education with the odds of adult smoking and amount smoked daily. DESIGN Multi-level analysis of adult (age 25+) smoking patterns in Canada's National Population Health Survey, after adding administrative data on prices, bylaws, and health education according to the survey respondent's place ...

Preeclampsia which happens in 5-10% of pregnancies is associated with maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality in all over the world. Preeclampsia leads to high rates of preterm birth, small for gestational age infant. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of paternal cigarette smoking before and in conception on risk of preeclampsia in non smoker women without exp...

smoking is known as a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and hence immediate and effective interventions are required for its elimination. this study aimed to collect valid data with regard to cigarette smoking in adult population of north of iran for policy making by a meta-analysis of the documents of national non-communicable disease risk factors surveillance system....