The recurrent issues of “non-robustness” and “scale e¤ects” are discussed within a uni…ed framework for the presentation of di¤erent generations of innovationbased growth models. With a certain proviso robust innovation-based growth models tend to end up with the long-run per capita growth rate pinned down by population growth. That is, the long-run prospect seems to be semi-endogenous growth. ...

The multimode resource-constrained project scheduling problem (MRCPSP) is an extension of the single-mode resourceconstrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP). In this problem, each project contains a number of activities which precedence relationship exist between them besides their amount of resource requirements to renewable and non-renewable resources are limited to the resources availabi...

This paper adds a nonrenewable resource to capital and labor in the neoclassical growth model. The nonrenewable resource introduces its depletion dynamics and expands the influence of input substitution on the growth path. Optimal depletion implies a rising resource price but investment or labor growth may raise extraction along the growth curve. Substitution between inputs plays a critical rol...

We develop and estimate an index-based measure of expected consumer welfare under various carbon emissions control policies in the electricity generation sector. This approach estimates welfare effects by a somewhat less data intensive methodology than econometric approaches or more complex modeling. We include anticipated technological change in the production of renewable and nonrenewable pow...

The purpose of this study is to assess the energy savings and emission reductions of the present rural biogas system in China. The life cycle assessment (LCA) method is used to analyze a "pig-biogas-fish" system in Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China. The nonrenewable energy cost and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the system, including the pigsty, the biogas digester, and the fishpond, are t...

In this paper we study the long-term operation of an underground copper mining project. We model the project as a collection of blocks (minimal extraction units) each with its own mineral composition and extraction costs. The decision maker’s problem is to maximize the economic value of the project by controlling the sequence and rate of extraction as well as investing on costly capacity expans...

<p>Optimization structures are mostly considered for resolving multi-objective difficulties similar to cost, emission, and financial load dispatch in various energy sources. Non-renewable sources (NRES) emit harmful gases like CO<sup>2</sup>, methane. which results air pollutants, so techniques used survey papers. By considering optimization techniques, the problems reduced re...