OBJECTIVE To establish normal ranges for nasal bone length measurements throughout gestation and to compare measurements in two subsets of patients of different race (African-American vs. Caucasian) to determine whether a different normal range should be used in these populations. METHOD Normal nasal bone length reference ranges were generated using prenatal measurements by a standardized tec...

Current recommended reference ranges for echocardiographic measurements may not be relevant to the diverse world population they are applied to. A new study, the echocardiographic normal reference ranges of the left heart (EchoNoRMAL) study, is an individual person data meta-analysis of standard echocardiographic measurements which aims to re-define normal reference ranges of left heart dimensi...