Childbirth is one of the most painful phenomena that women will tolerate in their lifetime. Labor pain is recognized as one of the most severe human pain [1,2].Severe pain associated to vaginal delivery can cause abnormal uterine action during labor which might lead to increased medical interventions such as caesarian section (C/S) [3]. According to world health report, the rate of C/S in Iran ...

BACKGROUND Physiological changes during pregnancy may affect laboratory parameters. Reference values based on samples from non-pregnant women are not necessarily useful for clinical decisions during pregnancy. There is a need to establish reference values during pregnancy in order to recognize pathological conditions. METHODS Eight hundred and one women with expected normal pregnancies were i...

OBJECTIVE To assess the association between pre-gestational obesity and weight gain with cesarean delivery and labor complications. METHODS A total of 4,486 women 20-28 weeks pregnant attending general prenatal care clinics of the national health system in Brazil from 1991 to 1995 were enrolled and followed up through birth. Body mass index categories based on prepregnancy weight and total we...

SUMMARY A prospective randomized double blind study was conducted to investigate the effect of oxytocine injection in the umbilical cord on the third stage of labor duration. 127 cases of normal vaginal delivery (with no signs of separation of placenta during the first five minutes of fetus delivery) were selected. The cases were divided into three groups. In the first group(40 cases) 30 ml of...

OBJECTIVE To review the use of episiotomy during vaginal delivery in Hong Kong public hospitals. DESIGN Prospective observational survey. SETTING Public hospitals, Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS Women who underwent normal vaginal delivery of a singleton foetus with cephalic presentation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number of women having an episiotomy, severe-degree (third- or fourth-degree) tear, o...

A 36-year-old female started having postpartum vaginal bleeding after normal vaginal delivery. She underwent hysterectomy for persistent bleeding and was referred to our institution. An elevation of PTT and normal PT made us suspect postpartum acquired hemophilia (PAH), and it was confirmed by low factor VIII activity levels and an elevated factor VIII inhibitor. Hemostasis was achieved with re...

A 21 year old, Rhesus negative Primigravida referred in view of severe preeclampsia with uterine didelphys. She had regular cycles and no history of menstrual disturbances in the past. She was married for 10 months, spontaneous conception and no dyspareunia. Booked at 6weeks, had conceptional folate, Iron and calcium supplementation. No history of early pregnancy bleeding or threatened preterm ...

background & aim: sexual activity is one of the most important aspects of a marital life. childbirth is also a major event in the life of women, and the period of postpartum is a time of emotional upheaval. since women believe that vaginal delivery could negatively affect their sexual function after childbirth, they tend to give birth through caesarean section. therefore, this study aimed to ev...