Recently a new class of metal alloys, of single-phase multicomponent composition at roughly equal atomic concentrations ("equiatomic"), have been shown to exhibit promising mechanical, magnetic, and corrosion resistance properties, in particular, at high temperatures. These features make them potential candidates for components of next-generation nuclear reactors and other high-radiation enviro...

Traditionally, the concept of ALARA has been the basis for limitation and optimisation of releases of radioactive substances from nuclear power reactors in order to protect human health. In recent years, it has been discussed whether the ALARA principle can be applied also to protect the environment. For the protection of the environment, in particular for non-nuclear pollutants, the precaution...

Nuclear reactors are one of the most intense, pure, controllable, cost-effective and well-understood sources of neutrinos. Reactors have played a major role in the study of neutrino oscillations, a phenomenon that indicates that neutrinos have mass and that neutrino flavours are quantum mechanical mixtures. Over the past several decades, reactors were used in the discovery of neutrinos, were cr...

S pace nuclear power is a doubleedged sword. Although it has played a constructive role in the exploration of space and could continue to do so, it has been burdened by an extensive history of aCCidents and failures, both Soviet and American. Numerous nuclear-powered spacecraft have released radioactive materials. Spent reactors now in Earth orbit exacerbate the threat posed by orbital debris. ...

James Clay Moltz is Research Professor and Assistant Director of the Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) at the Monterey Institute of International Studies. He also directs the Newly Independent States Nonproliferation Project at CNS. From 1993-98 (Vols. 1-5), Dr. Moltz was Editor of this journal. When the authors of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) crafted the...

A comparison is made between the use of nuclear reactors and of acceleratordriven systems for the transmutation of long-lived fission products. Energy flows and mass flows in several scenarios are considered. Economical and safety aspects of the transmutation scenarios are compared.

We report on the initial results from a measurement of the antineutrino flux and spectrum at a distance of about 800 m from the three reactors of the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station using a segmented gadolinium-loaded scintillation detector. We find that the antineutrino flux agrees with that predicted in the absence of oscillations excluding at 90% C.L. nu;(e)-nu;(x) oscillations with De...

A number of studies have suggested that the irradiation behavior and damage processes occurring during sequential and simultaneous particle irradiations can significantly differ. Currently, there is no definite answer as to why and when such differences are seen. Additionally, the conventional multi-particle irradiation facilities cannot correctly reproduce the complex irradiation scenarios exp...

The goal of this project is to see if and how uranium (U) may contribute to DNA damage. Radioactive forms of uranium have been used as fuel for nuclear reactors and as fissionable material for atomic weapons, tank armor, and ammunition shells. People who work with or live near processed uranium have experienced higher incidence of lung cancer, which has been attributed to radon, a radioactive d...

The various groups of the Physik-Institut in the elds of particle physics are using for their experiments external accelerators at the large international research institutions PSI (Villigen), CERN (Genf), DESY (Hamburg) and Brookhaven. Further activities in the eld of particle physics which are connected to questions of astropar-ticlephysics and cosmology do not require accelerators or they ar...