The re-oxidation of slightly reduced TiO2(110) surfaces by exposure to an oxygen pressure of∼ 2× 10−7 mbar in the temperature range 473–1000 K occurs by re-growth of TiO2 overlayers by diffusion of Tin+ interstitials from the bulk. Starting with a (1 × 2) reconstructed surface, scanning tunnelling microscope images of the surface reacting under these conditions show that the (1×1) islands nucle...

We present results of a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study of the nucleation and growth of silver clusters grown by vapor deposition on a rutile TiO2(110)-1 · 1 surface. We have scanned, with atomic resolution, the same surface area before and after Ag deposition, to determine the relationship between the nucleation sites and various surface defects. We have found that small precursor st...

Taxol, a drug which promotes microtubule assembly, was used to assess the microtubule nucleating activity of pericentriolar material (PCM) in mouse oocytes prevented from undergoing germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), compared with oocytes allowed to proceed normally through GVBD and also in nucleate and anucleate oocyte fragments. Both immunofluorescence staining and ultrastructural analysis re...

An investigation of the embryology of Potentilla nivea was carried out using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The crassinucellate nature of the ovule as well as the presence of a multicellular archesporium was confirmed. A "nucellar cap" builds up as the result of mitotic divisions in the parietal cell tissue and the nucellar epidermis. Earlier reports that several mature megagametophytes ...

A three-dimensional finite element method is developed to predict the critical conditions necessary to nucleate electromigration or stress induced voids in interconnects. Our approach is to model interfaces using a modified cohesive zone, which permits the interfaces to separate at a critical stress, and also accounts for mass transport along the interfaces. A simple boundary value problem is s...

Binding of CBF3, a protein complex consisting of Ndc10p, Cep3p, Ctf13p, and Skp1p, to the centromere DNA nucleates kinetochore formation in budding yeast. Here, we investigate how the Ctf13p/Skp1p complex becomes competent to form the CBF3-centromere DNA complex. As revealed by mass spectrometry, Ctf13p and Skp1p carry two and four phosphate groups, respectively. Complete dephosphorylation of C...

We study the isotropic-to-crystal transformation in a mixture of colloidal hard rods and nonabsorbing polymer using computer simulations. We determine the height of the nucleation barrier and find that the critical cluster consists of a single crystalline layer growing laterally for all polymer fugacities considered. At lower supersaturation, the free energy of a single hexagonally packed layer...

This thesis consists of an experimental investigation of the effect of surfactants on the boiling curve of water. Via adsorbtion to the boiling surface, surfactants alter the surface energy interaction during bubble formation at nucleation sites. The surfactants initially enhance the heat transfer coefficient at the onset of nucleate boiling due to higher nucleation density and higher bubble de...