It is found that Chang et al.’s signature scheme with message recovery is not as secure as they claimed, in fact. In this letter, two forgery attacks is proposed to show that the signature can be forged on any uncontrolled messages. To overcome these attacks, the one-way hash functions and the message redundancy schemes may be still used.

Since Pauling and Zuckerkandl first suggested it more than 40 years ago, the idea of reconstructing ancestral proteins and DNA sequences from the information contained in sequences of present day species has held considerable fascination (Pauling & Zuckerkandl, 1963). Such reconstructions can provide a unifying framework for understanding the molecular origins and evolution of key components in...

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased for all children, even among low-income children, many of whom are food insecure and face several stressors. In this article, we investigate whether economic stressors and food insecurity influence childhood overweight using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and its second Child Development Supplement. The results indicate no sig...

Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone involved in many aspects of plant life, including seed germination, flower senescence, abscission, and fruit ripening (Abeles et al., 1992). It also plays a very important role in the responses of plants to both biotic and abiotic stresses (Abeles et al. The production of ethylene is tightly regulated by internal signals, and usually increases in response to ...

87. Horton JA, Marano GD, Kerber CW, et al. Polyvinyl alcohol foam-Gelfoam for therapeutic embolization: a synergistic mixture. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1983;4:143–147. 88. Fournier D, TerBrugge KG, Willinsky R, et al. Endovascular treatment of intracerebral arteriovenous malformations: experience in 49 cases. J Neurosurg. 1991;75:228–233. 89. Schweitzer JS, Chang BS, Madsen P, et al. The patholo...

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a non–parametric method is used to measure relative performance of organizational units. The aim of this paper is to develop a new model to evaluate the efficiency of a general two-stage network structures proposed by Li et al.  (2012) for measuring the performance of Decision Making Units (DMUs). In addition, this paper expands the work of Li et al. (2012) an...