Quercus robur L. (pedunculate oak) and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. (sessile oak) are two European oak species of great economic and ecological importance. Even though both oaks have wide ecological amplitudes of suitable growing conditions, forests dominated by oaks often fail to regenerate naturally. The regeneration performance of both oak species is assumed to be subject to a variety of v...

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Old veteran trees function as biodiversity hotspots in both forests and open landscapes, protecting such is an important measure to halt loss of biodiversity. Nevertheless, the number continues decline worldwide, although estimates this mainly stem from geographically restricted case studies. In Norway, oak have received special protection since 2011 through Norwegian Biodiversity Act, however,...

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