Introduction Aripiprazole is the third generation Antipsychotic, and Dopamine serotonin system stabiliser.It partial agonist at D2 5 HT1 A antagonist HT2.Most commonly seen adverse effects are Akathesia, fatugue,insomnia headache major advanatage less propensity for extrapyramidal side lmetabolic eefects. Objectives To report a case of Schizophrenia treated with 15mg/day developiing occular gyr...

A retrospective examination of lethargic encephalitis finds many parallels with neuroleptic effects. The encephalitis, like the neuroleptics, produced an acute continuum of cognitive disorders from emotional indifference through apathy and onto a rousable stupor. It also produced similar acute dyskinesias, including akinesia, akathisia, dystonia, oculogyric crises, and tremors. The encephalitis...

Adolf Hitler had Parkinson symptoms in 1934, at age 45 years. He may have had transient symptoms in 1923, at age 34 years. Young-onset parkinsonism, during the 1920s, favored a diagnosis of post-encephalitic rather than idiopathic parkinsonism. Hitler had oculogyric crises, phenomena only associated with post-encephalitic parkinsonism. In addition, he had dystonic facial spasms, palilalia and a...

A 30-year-old man with mild learning disability (IQ:72) and cerebral palsy with mild generalized choreoathetosis was referred with paroxysmal motor disorder and episodic depressive mood disorder. Aged 11 months, he had developed episodes of alternating flaccid hemiparesis followed by episodes when he was unable to move or talk but remaining conscious lasting from several minutes to longer. Epis...

It is well documented that the antipsychotic medications, i.e., the pheno-thiazines and butyrophenones, offer considerable risk of permanent injury to the liver, skin, cornea, bone marrow, heart, and especially to the nervous system. Tardive dyskinesia, a prolonged and sometimes permanent extrapyramidal syndrome, has been reported in up to 50 percent of patients over age 60 who have been treate...

L-Dopa and amantadine hydrochloride were separately given to patients with diverse extra-pyramidal disorders including progressive supranuclear palsy; porto-systemic encephalopathy; oculogyric crises; drug-induced Parkinsonism; Huntington's chorea, hemiballismus; spasmodic torticollis, familial tremor; and athetosis. Akinesia and rigidity were improved in the first two conditions and simultaneo...

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), a vitamin B6-requiring enzyme that converts L-dopa to dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin. Deficiency of this enzyme results in developmental delay, muscular hypotonia, dystonia, involuntary movements, autonomic dysfunction, and oculogyric crises. We now report a 2-year-old Turkish boy with AADC deficiency confirmed by greatly reduced AADC a...