Relationships of impulsive and nonimpulsive violent behavior to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamines and their metabolic concentrations were studied in thirty-six violent offenders. A relatively low 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) concentration was found in the CSF of impulsive violent offenders. This was not true for the offenders who had premeditated their acts. Other CSF monoamine or meta...

Court-mandated treatment, which requires offenders convicted of alcohol or other drug-related crimes to participate in treatment for their substance abuse problems or face legal consequences, has long been a component of sanctioning for driving under the influence (DUI) and is a primary path of entry into alcoholism treatment for many people with problem drinking. Several issues are relevant to...

The number of women under criminal justice supervision in the United States reached over one million in 2001. In response, contemporary corrections has begun to consider the best way to effectively respond to women offenders. Female offenders are now a significant proportion of all offenders: they comprise 17 percent of the total number of offenders under correctional supervision, or one in eve...

Recent studies indicate that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common psychiatric comorbidities among driving-under-the-influence (DUI) offenders in treatment. Investigation of DUI offenders' PTSD and clinical characteristics could have important implications for prevention and treatment. This prospective study examined the demographic and clinical characteristics of repea...

As many as two-thirds of newly-released inmates will be arrested for a new offense within 3 years. This study evaluates the impact job assistance on recidivism rates among ex-offenders. The program, run though private company America Works, uses network employers to place clients. Ex-offenders were randomly assigned intensive (treatment group) or standard program (control group). is meant impro...

Emotional facial expressions are important cues for interaction between people. The aim of the present study was to investigate brain function when processing fearful facial expressions in offenders with two psychiatric disorders which include impaired emotional facial perception; autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and psychopathy (PSY). Fourteen offenders undergoing forensic psychiatric assessment...

Background Studies have described the externalizing (e.g., antisocial propensity) and internalizing (e.g., anxiety, depression) characteristics of driving while impaired (DWI) recidivism. However, the respective contribution of those characteristics to recidivism risk and their underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Cortisol, a stress hormone, is a biomarker underlying various high-risk chara...

Some child molesters abuse children of both genders. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between gender crossover and victim age. The authors hypothesized that offenders who molested children of both genders would be more likely to have very young victims and that offenders who molested very young children would be more likely to abuse children of both sexes than offenders...

Between the years 1964 and 1983, 59,226 blood samples with appropriate blood-alcohol concentrations (BAC greater than 0.1 g/kg) were investigated at the Institute for Forensic Medicine at the University of Tübingen. These originated from 47,416 different "culprits", of whom 38,851 (81.9%) were first offenders and 8,565 (18.1%) multiple offenders. The total number of crimes committed by the latt...

Those seeking to deter young offenders from further delinquency will benefit from the information provided in these pages. Recently reported findings of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’s (OJJDP’s) Study Group on Very Young Offenders confirm the seriousness of early offending behavior. Study Group researchers report, for example, that the risk of becoming a more serious...