this article has attempted to present a clear image of science production by the member states of the organization of islamic conference (oic) based on the essential science indicators (esi). esi indexes the most effective science productions of the world. the world bank, on the other hand, has classified the countries of the world according to their economic position. using the information acc...

OIC members have much potential in their economic development. Therefore, their economic integration leads to more increment for partners and deal with global system as a unique organization. Consequently, studying the convergence of OIC members and their encountered challenges has especial importance which can assist the policy makers to develop their commercial relationship and consequent...

The metabolism of sameridine (LPB) (an amide-type local anesthetic-analgesic agent with a hexyl side chain) to carboxylic acid derivatives by isolated male rat hepatocytes was studied using gradient reversed-phase HPLC and mass spectrometry. Incubation of sameridine with hepatocytes resulted in the formation of numerous different metabolites. Two carboxylic acids, i.e., the C(6) and C(4) carbox...

Several political and economic factors are involved in choosing exchange rate policy in Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries. In the present study, these factors  have been investigated with an emphasis on OCA and political economic factors during 1990 -2014. The result shows that OCA and political economic factors as well as tradable sector are influential on exchange rate poli...

Two new mulinane-type derivatives: 16-hydroxy mulin-11,13-dien-20-oic (2) acid and 7alpha,16-dihydroxy mulin-11,13-dien-20-oic (3) acid were obtained by microbial transformation of mulin-11,13-dien-20-oic acid (1), along with tyrosol (4) using liquid cultures of Mucor plumbeus. The latter compound has not been previously identified in the genus Mucor. Structural elucidation of these metabolites...

PURPOSE Laxative-refractory opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is defined as OIC despite using 2 laxatives with a different mechanism of action (based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System level 4 term [contact laxatives, osmotically acting laxatives, softeners/emollients, enemas, and others]). OIC has a significant impact on the treatment and quality of life of patients w...

Bile from the toad, Bufo vulgaris formosus, was found to contain a number of minor bile acids along with two major bile acids, 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholest-22-ene-24-carboxylic acid and 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholest-23-en-26-oic acid. The following minor bile acids were identified by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: cholic acid...

We investigated the inhibitory effect of the natural diterpenoids, 7alpha-hydroxy-8(17)-labden-15-oic acid (salvic acid, 1), 7alpha-acetanoyloxy-8(17)-labden-15-oic acid (acetylsalvic acid, 2) and the hemisynthetic diterpenoids 7alpha-acyloxy-8(17)-labden-15-oic acids derivatives, 7alpha-propanoyloxy-8(17)-labden-15-oic acid (propanoylsalvic acid, 3), 7alpha-butanoyloxy-8(17)-labden-15-oic acid...