The expression of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) and its receptor, the c-met proto-oncogene product, was examined by in situ hybridization in the developing and adult murine olfactory system and compared with the expression of a known activator of HGF/SF, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). In the developing olfactory canal, expression of both c-met and tPA was observed i...

Little is known regarding how alkali metal ions are transported in the olfactory nerve following their intranasal administration. In this study, we show that an alkali metal ion, thallium is transported in the olfactory nerve fibers to the olfactory bulb in mice. The olfactory nerve fibers of mice were transected on both sides of the body under anesthesia. A double tracer solution (thallium-201...

Olfactory identification performance and olfactory thresholds in patients with schizophrenia were investigated in this study. Three primary questions were raised: (a) Do neuroleptically medicated schizophrenic patients demonstrate significant olfactory identification deficits in the absence of olfactory acuity (threshold) deficits when compared with (i) non-schizophrenic, neuroleptically unrned...

The molecular mechanism of olfactory cognition is very complicated. Olfactory cognition is initiated by olfactory receptor proteins (odorant receptors), which are activated by olfactory stimuli (ligands). Olfactory receptors are the initial player in the signal transduction cascade producing a nerve impulse, which is transmitted to the brain. The sensitivity to a particular ligand depends on th...

Most physiological studies of the human olfactory system have concentrated on the cortical level; the olfactory bulbar level has been studied rarely. We attempted to stimulate the human olfactory mucosa by electrical pulse to detect the bulbar potentials. Electrical stimulation (2 mA, 0.5 ms) of the human olfactory mucosa evoked a change in potential recorded from the frontal sector of the head...

Mutations in CHD7, a chromodomain gene, are present in a majority of individuals with CHARGE syndrome, a multiple anomaly disorder characterized by ocular Coloboma, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retarded growth and development, Genital hypoplasia and Ear anomalies. The clinical features of CHARGE syndrome are highly variable and incompletely penetrant. Olfactory dysfunction is a common...

BACKGROUND Olfactory dysfunction in MS patients is reported in the literature. MRI of the olfactory bulb (OB) is discussed as a promising new testing method for measuring olfactory function (OF). Aim of this study was to explore reasons for and optimize the detection of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients with MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS OB and olfactory brain volume was assessed within 34 MS...

In the clinical diagnosis of olfactory function, 2 quantitative extremes of either lost or normal olfactory function are in the focus while no particular attention is directed at the interval between the 2 main diagnoses of "anosmia" or "normosmia", respectively. We analyzed the modal distribution of olfactory scores with the intention to describe a complex human olfactory pathology in a unifyi...

BACKGROUND Several studies reported olfactory dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis. The estimate of the incidence of olfactory deficits in multiple sclerosis is uncertain; this may arise from different testing methods that may be influenced by patients' response bias and clinical, demographic and cognitive features. AIMS To evaluate objectively the olfactory function using Olfactor...

Sharp wave-associated synchronized inputs from the piriform cortex activate olfactory tubercle 1 neurons during slow-wave sleep 2 3 Kimiya Narikiyo Abstract 18 During slow-wave sleep, anterior piriform cortex neurons show highly synchronized discharges that 19 accompany olfactory cortex sharp waves (OC-SPWs). The OC-SPW-related synchronized activity of 20 anterior piriform cortex neurons travel...