PURPOSE To propose a more accurate method to predict the soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS The subjects included 69 patients who had undergone surgical correction of Class III mandibular prognathism by mandibular setback. Two multivariate methods of forming prediction equations were examined using 134 predictor and 36 soft tissue response variables: the ordi...

Oligodendrocytes (OLs) extend arborized processes that are supported by microtubules (MTs) and microfilaments. Little is known about proteins that modulate and interact with the cytoskeleton during myelination. Several lines of evidence suggest a role for 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) in mediating process formation in OLs. In this study, we report that tubulin is a major CN...

The novel evolutionary artificial intelligence formalism namely, genetic programming (GP) a branch of genetic algorithms is utilized to develop mathematical models based on input-output data, instead of conventional regression and neural network modeling techniques which are commonly used for this purpose. This paper summarizes the available MATLAB toolboxes and their features. Glucose to gluco...

Nighttime satellite imagery from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Programs’ Operational Linescan System (DMSP OLS) is being used for myriad applications including population mapping, characterizing economic activity, disaggregate estimation of CO2 emissions, wildfire monitoring, and more. Here we present a method for in situ radiance calibration of the DMSP OLS using a ground based light so...

Olive leaf spot (OLS) or peacock spot, caused by the fungal pathogen Spilocaea oleagina, can cause reduced growth and yield in olive trees (Olea eurapaea). Investigations were carried out during December 1999 and January 2000 to measure the prevalence and severity of olive leaf spot in the Auckland, Waiheke Island, Wairarapa, Marlborough and Canterbury growing regions of New Zealand. The suscep...

Existing dimension reduction (DR) methods such as ordinary least squares (OLS) and sliced inverse regression (SIR) often perform poorly in the presence of outliers. Ellipsoidal trimming can be used to create outlier resistant DR methods that can also give useful results when the assumption of linearly related predictors is violated. Theory for SIR and OLS is reviewed, and it is shown that sever...

BACKGROUND European honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) foragers have a highly developed visual system that is used for navigation. To clarify the neural basis underlying the highly sophisticated visual ability of foragers, we investigated the neural activity pattern of the optic lobes (OLs) in pollen-foragers and re-orienting bees, using the immediate early gene kakusei as a neural activity marker. ...

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by genetic deficiency of galactocerebrosidase (GALC) activity. Failure in catalyzing the degradation of its major substrate, galactocerebroside, in oligodendrocytes (OLs) and Schwann cells leads to death of these myelinating cells, progressive demyelination, and early demise of GLD patients. Transplantation of bone marrow c...

The orthogonal least squares algorithm (OLS) and the support vector regression (SVR) are two popular approaches to choose the structure of the Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN). The former is derived based only on the modelling errors, whilst the latter also on the model complexity. A comparison of the generalization results of networks selected from the OLS and the SVR is presented here usi...

This article provides a matrix representation of the adjustment grid estimator. From this representation, one can invoke the Gauss-Markov theorem to examine the efficiency of ordinary least squares (OLS) and the grid estimator that uses OLS estimates of the adjustments (the ‘‘plug-in’’ grid method). In addition, this matrix representation suggests a generalized least squares version of the grid...