In laryngeal paralysis, the stiffness of the denervated vocal fold is decreased. This leads to deviant vibratory patterns involving 2 asymmetric vocal folds and results in abnormal vocal quality. Follow-up studies of medialization thyroplasty patients have noted that decrement in vocal quality after medialization is often because of continuing vocal fold atrophy. Vocal cord atrophy from denerva...

The adult blood-sucking females of a number of species of Culicoides are pests in many parts of the world. The irritation and annoyance caused by their attacks on man and his animals are often so great that they constitute a serious problem. The chief significance, however, of Culicoides spp. is that they may act as vectors of filarial and virus diseases to man and his animals (see Hill, 1947)....

Ansa cervicalis (AC) frequently shows its variations in the formation and distribution pattern. However, variation in its looping pattern associated with abnormal topographic disposition is relatively rare. Knowledge on the possible deviations in the looping pattern is clinically important, to avoid iatrogenic injuries in surgical procedures. We report here a concurrent rare case of double loop...

Infections with Onchocerca lupi nematodes are diagnosed sporadically in the United States. We report 8 cases of canine onchocercosis in Minnesota, New Mexico, Colorado, and Florida. Identification of 1 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene haplotype identical to 1 of 5 from Europe suggests recent introduction of this nematode into the United States.

Infestation with organisms causing lymphatic filariasis (i.e. Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi) results in a variety of clinical presentations. It is possible that some of the variation is due to differences in host response to parasite. To determine whether individuals who live in an endemic area but differ in their clinical manifestations respond to different filarial antigens, we scree...

a holstein heifer with symptoms of dystocia was admitted in the large animal clinic at the university of tabriz. in the vaginal examination, the fetus was found at posterior presentation and by doing someobstetrical maneuvers, a male calf was delivered. an interesting phenomenon was the presence of two skinsacs in dimensions of 12 × 12 cm and 12 × 18 cm at the right and left upper cervical regi...

To the Editor: Major human onchocerciasis reported in Africa and Central/ South America is caused by Onchocerca volvulus. This blackfly-mediated parasitosis is also called ‘river blindness’, often resulting in visual disturbance in the endemic area. Ocular involvement by O. lupi, a canine parasite, has recently been the subject of focus. In Japan, infestation of O. volvulus or O. lupi is not se...