asthma environmental triggers play important roles in severity of disease. passive smoking could exacerbate asthma symptoms and enhance the decrease in lung function. cotinine levels could be a reflection of passive exposure to the cigarette both in adults and pediatrics. the aim of this study was to determine degree of association of asthma severity and cotinine level as a marker of passive sm...

leishmaniasis is a common parasitic disease in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. police personnel deployed in the suburbs and rural areas are the most often exposed to the potential risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis. furthermore, since the same police personnel are sent on duty to other places, their migrations can also play a considerable role in the transmission of this disease to th...

introduction : adverse health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ets) among non-smokers have been studied occasionally in developing countries. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of exposure to ets on outcome in pregnancy methods: in this descriptive and analytical study 600 non-smoking women delivering a singleton live baby were studied in delivery room in haja...

objectives: specific language impaired children, despite being normal in cognitive and neurological characteristics, and also normal levels of hearing, experience multiple problems in syntax comprehension. this study compared the passive comprehension as one of syntactic structures in persian-speaking typically developing children and specific language impaired children. methods: 10 children wi...

introduction: the passive sentence structure is one of the most interesting syntactic structures on language development. studies in some languages have indicated that comprehension of this syntactic structure takes place late in the language acquisition process. therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the comprehension of active and passive structures in 48-59- and 60-71-month-o...

1. introduction with regard to natural and human urban threats and risks which endanger security of the residents, ensuring urban safety and passive defense issues, especially before being hit by crisis and in peace situation such as natural disasters, war, etc., are the most significant duties of urban practitioners and planners. the main criterion of passive defense viewpoint is to increase t...

The combined effect of active and passive immunization with chemotherapy was studied in the treatment of rapidly growing methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma KMT-17 in the WKA rat. In active immunization, live Friend virus-infected KMT-17 tumor cells were inoculated s.c. into rats a few hr after KMT-17 transplantation. The survival rate with active immunization alone was only 19.0%. In passi...

A striking feature in the phenomena of activation in passive iron wires immersed in solutions of nitric acid is that in acid above acer tain critical concentration the reaction is a temporary one, followed immediately by an automatic return of the metal to the passive state. 1 Activation initiated at any region of such a wire is thus trans~ mitted rapidly along its whole length in a wave-like m...