This thesis comprises studies on opiate overdose death, and focuses on evaluation of toxicological characteristics including the possible influence of abstinence and polydrug use for the fatal outcome. In order to identify and classify drug abusers, a screening method for several drugs of abuse was developed and applied on randomly selected autopsy cases. Out of 75 cases, 26 positive results we...

BACKGROUND Individuals with opioid dependence have cognitive deficits during abuse period in attention, working memory, episodic memory, and executive function. After protracted abstinence consistent cognitive deficit has been found only in executive function. However, few studies have explored cognitive function during first weeks of abstinence. The purpose of this study was to study cognitive...

Using Bayesian capture-recapture analysis, we estimated the number of current injecting drug users (IDUs) in Scotland in 2006 from the cross-counts of 5670 IDUs listed on four data-sources: social enquiry reports (901 IDUs listed), hospital records (953), drug treatment agencies (3504), and recent Hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnoses (827 listed as IDU-risk). Further, we accessed exact numbers of ...

doubtlessly one of the major problems in iran is drug abuse or substance abuse. the transmission of hiv/aids has made the problem so complicated that has created an urgent need for a campaign against this awful phenomenon. the objective of this study-that was carried out through the cross-sectional method- is considering the situation of the addict death and the related factors. the target popu...

background: in asia pacific (ap) region, the exact picture of the alcohol use problems has remained relatively obscure. in this study, the profile of alcohol consumption and alcohol related disorders in ap countries are presented.     methods: official statistics on average alcohol consumption (alcohol per capita consumption, apc), alcohol related health variables, income group and alcohol poli...

background tramadol is an opioid analgesic indicated for the treatment of moderate and severe pains. in the case of long administration, tramadol has a potential to cause dependency, tolerance and drug abuse. objectives this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with tramadol abuse among college students based on the theory of planned behavior (tpb) as a theoretical f...

conclusions lower agreeableness, decreased conscientiousness, higher neuroticism, diminished openness, low socio-economic status, and male sex might make university students more inclined to substance abuse. thus, it is reasonable to show the importance of these factors in tailored prevention programs. results being male sex and neuroticism had a significant positive role in predicting positive...

conclusions as literature research is one of the most important stages of research, it's better for researchers, especially substance-related disorders scholars to use different search engines with the best recall, preciseness and importance in that subject field to reach desirable results while searching and they don’t depend on just one search engine. results results have shown that the ...