BACKGROUND The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing globally in particular in fast emerging economies such as Iran. Population-based studies on prevalence of CKD in Iran are scarce. The objective of the current study was to explore the prevalence and determinants of CKD in the setting of Golestan Cohort Study (GCS), the largest prospective cohort in the Middle East. METHODS In...

Background: Opioids such as opium deteriorate sexual organs activities. The effect of opium on the spermatogenesis of men was assessed in a region where it is abused more than any opioids. Materials and methods: In this case–control study, we studied 224 subjects, divided into 2 groups: 112 opium dependant and 112 non-addicts. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of opium depend...

A question of medico-legal interest occasionally occurs in Civil Surgeons' work, when a sample of opium is submitted by the police, or Magistrate for favour of an opinion as to whether it is crude opium or Government excise opium. Thisopinion is asked for as it is illegal to sell crude opium. Text-books on medical jurisprudence seem to o-ive no information on the point, and as it is a question ...

Background: Acute opium intoxication is one of the most common causes of poisoning in children in Iran. Although most cases are accidental, traditional misuse of opium for symptomatic therapy of various childhood diseases also contributes to high rate of opium intoxication in Iran. Cases: Here, we report two cases of opium intoxication in infants resulted from transdermal application of opium o...

Background: Drug abuse is considered a global and growing problem worldwide. Emergency medical care required for acute intoxication, which adds to the threat of COVID-19. This study aims evaluate effect COVID-19 pandemic on pattern toxicity in drug patients admitted National Environmental Clinical Toxicology Research Center (NECTR), Cairo University. Methods: comparative included 978 cases NECT...

background: controversy persists over the potential benefits/harms of opium consumption in coronary heart disease. this study investigated the association between 12 months' major adverse cardiac events (mace) and pre-procedural opium consumption among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (pci). methods: retrospectively, 1545 consecutive men who underwent pci between 21 st   j...

Opium addiction is a common form of addiction in Middle East countries such as Iran. Recently several reports suggested some kinds of pathologic findings such as abdominal pain, nephropathy, and anemia in opium addict patients. Such pathologic findings suggest lead poisoning in the patients. In this study, the concentration of lead in 10 opium samples was evaluated. The mean concentration of le...

during a cross-sectional study, patients who were admitted to the orthopedic department of the urmia university of medical sciences were asked about opium/opioid abuse. demographic characteristics, the pattern of consumption, the substance, the duration of the use, the duration of hospital stay and the cause of their injuries were recorded. among 2,867 patients, 74 (2.5%) patients (71 men and 3...

objective(s): smoking opium/cigarette is a global health concern. the aim of this study was to examine learning and memory of rat male offsprings whose mothers had been exposed to either opium or morphine with nicotine during pregnancy. materials and methods: wistar rats were used for the experiments. in the female rats, opium, morphine and nicotine dependencies were induced by daily injections...

OPIUM WAS widely used in the nineteenth century as an analgesic, a febrifuge, a sedative, and an anti-diarrhoea agent. Opium's addictive properties had been noted in the medical literature as early as 1700, but medical men did not take these very seriously. With the advent of the hypodermic syringe in 1856, which made it possible for morphia (the alkaloid of opium) to be injected, physicians be...