Photonic-crystal-based integrated optical systems have been used for a broad range of sensing applications with great success. This has been motivated by several advantages such as high sensitivity, miniaturization, remote sensing, selectivity and stability. Many photonic crystal sensors have been proposed with various fabrication designs that result in improved optical properties. In parallel,...

We consider the problem of an atomic beam propagating quantum mechanically through an atom beam splitter. Casting the problem in an adiabatic representation (in the spirit of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in molecular physics) sheds light on explicit effects due to nonadiabatic passage of the atoms through the splitter region. We are thus able to probe the fully three-dimensional structure...

The diffractive optical element blazed grating is proposed as the beam splitter for autostereoscopic displays in this study. With Lithographie Galvanoformung Abformung and inductively coupled plasma reactive-ion etching, a four-level blazed grating structure is produced. Moreover, highly translucent polydimethylsiloxane is transformed into symmetrical four-level blazed grating films. The experi...

Dirac has written [1] “Each photon then interferes only with itself. Interference between two different photons never occurs.” Indeed, a practical definition is that “classical” optics consists of phenomena due to the interference of photons only with themselves. However, photons obey Bose statistics which implies a “nonclassical” tendency for them to “bunch”. For a simple example of nonclassic...

The impact of nonlinear refraction and residual absorption on the achievable peak average power in beam-splitter-based coherent beam combination is analyzed theoretically. While remains limited only by aperture size, a fundamental limit given thermo-optical thermo-mechanical properties splitter material its coatings. Based our analysis, 100 kW can be obtained with state-of-the-art optics at mai...

We present a fundamental study on the capability of a crossing of two optical waveguides based on dark spatial solitons to act as a controllable optical beam splitter. Our study is based on the fact that the guided beam is diffracted at the waveguide crossing by an effective phase screen formed by the soliton collision profile. We find that when the two dark solitons are immersed into the same ...

A quantum system can behave as a wave or as a particle, depending on the experimental arrangement. When, for example, measuring a photon using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the photon acts as a wave if the second beam splitter is inserted, but as a particle if this beam splitter is omitted. The decision of whether or not to insert this beam splitter can be made after the photon has entered the...

We propose, simulate and experimentally demonstrate a method for realizing spatially-mapped birefringence onto integrated photonic devices and circuits. The fabrication method is based on applying a damascene-like process to dielectric film stacks to form anisotropic optical waveguides. An integrated polarizing beam-splitter (PBS) is realized with unprecedented performance: a record 0.52 octave...

Optical entanglement is a key requirement for many quantum communication protocols. Conventionally entanglement is formed between two distinct beams, with the quantum correlations being measured at separate locations. We show entanglement between the modes within one beam. Our technique is particularly elegant and a major advance towards practical systems with minimum complexity. We demonstrate...

Multipartite entanglement is used for quantum information applications, such as building multipartite quantum communications. Generally, generation of multipartite entanglement is based on a complex beam-splitter network. Here, based on the spatial freedom of light, we experimentally demonstrated spatial quadripartite continuous variable entanglement among first-order Hermite-Gaussian modes usi...