Optical tomography has a wide range of biomedical applications. Accurate prediction of photon transport in media is critical, as it directly affects the accuracy of the reconstructions. The radiative transfer equation (RTE) is the most accurate deterministic forward model, yet it has not been widely employed in practice due to the challenges in robust and efficient numerical implementations in ...

The sensitivity of a high-rate photon-counting optical communications link depends on the performance of the photon counter used to detect the optical signal. In this paper, we focus on ways to reduce the effect of blocking, which is loss due to time periods in which the photon counter is inactive following a preceding detection event. This blocking loss can be reduced by using an array of phot...

All forms of microscopy that have previously been developed rely on classical sources of light, which are relatively noisy by virtue of the photons arriving randomly in time and position. We propose a new technique of two-beam optical microscopy using a nonclassical light source comprising entangled photon pairs generated by the process of nonlinear optical parametric downconversion. Entangled-...

Using on-demand coherence conversion via optical locking, a dynamic coherent control of the collective atom phase has been demonstrated for longer photon storage beyond the critical constraint of spin phase decay time, where the storage time can be extended up to hours in a rare-earth-doped solid. Coherent transient phenomena such as photon echoes have been investigated for frozen phase decay v...

We describe applications of solitons and soliton collisions to the transport, transfer, and beam-splitting of qubits carried by optical photons. The transport and transfer realize the “flying qubits” necessary for quantum information processing, and the beam-splitting leads, in theory, to an implementation of quantum computing using linear optics. These proposed applications are embedded in a u...

Several groups have reported the development of dual modality Gamma camera/optical imagers, which are useful tools for investigating biological processes in experimental animals. While previously reported dual modality imaging instrumentation usually employed a separated gamma camera and optical imager, we designed a detector using a position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT) that is capab...

The longitudinal optical conductivity is the most important property for graphene-baseddevices. So investigating this property for spatially separated few-layer graphene systems analytically and numerically is the main purpose of our study. Each layer can be mono- or bi-layer graphene. The density-density correlation function has been screened by the dielectric function using the random p...

abstract background: accurate methods of radiation therapy dose calculation. there are different monte carlo codesfor simulation of photons, electrons and the coupled transport of electrons and photons. mcnpis a general purpose monte carlo code that can be used for electron, photon and coupledphoton-electron transport.monte carlo simulation of radiation transport is considered to be one of the ...

Intravital optical microscopy provides a powerful means of studying the cell biology in the most physiologically relevant setting. The ability of multiphoton microscopy to collect optical sections deep into biological tissues has opened up the field of intravital microscopy to high-resolution studies of multiple organs. Presented here are examples of how two-photon microscopy can be applied to ...