The problem of designing an on-line optimizing robust output-feedback (OF) controller for binary batch distillation columns with temperature measurements is addressed. The combination of optimality, passivity and detectability notions leads to an estimator-based material balance controller that, for an ample range of load compositions maximizes the profit and yields the prespecified product pur...

BACKGROUNDS AND PURPOSE Predictive value of reflux of anterior spinal artery for recurrent posterior circulation ischemia in bilateral vertebral arteries steno-occlusive disease was evaluated. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 55 patients with symptomatic posterior circulation stroke caused by bilateral stenotic (>70%) lesions of the vertebral artery. We investigated any correlation of clin...

A relevant percentage of non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) is refractory to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) treatment. Multichannel intraluminal impedance pH (MII-pH) monitoring should give useful pathophysiological information about refractoriness. Therefore, our aim was to assess whether this technique could be useful to guide a 'tailored' therapy in refractory NERD. We retrospectively recruite...

BACKGROUND Barrett's esophagus, a metaplastic precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma, is becoming increasingly prevalent in many populations. Clinical studies suggest acid reflux causes Barrett's esophagus; however, no population-based estimates of risk have been reported, and the role of other health factors in modifying risk is unclear. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control s...

BACKGROUND Combined impedance-pH testing (MII) allows for detection of reflux episodes regardless of pH. However impedance-based diagnosis of reflux may not routinely account for duration of the reflux episode. We hypothesize that impedance testing may be less sensitive than pH-testing in detecting acid reflux off therapy as a result of discounting duration of exposure. METHODS Baseline chara...

In this study, simple ionic liquid-assisted preparation of SnO microflowers with nanosheet subunitsunder reflux condition without calcination were described. Samples were synthesized using 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [pmim]Br, as an ionic liquid in different molar ratio, sodium hydroxideand Tin(II) chloride. The results show that SnO with high purity and uniform size...

In this study with the tray-by-tray method an ethane-ethylene rectification column was studied. Therefore, effect of reflux ratio on material cost investigated. case modification diameter and number trays will modify. Not only these parameters, but also required wall thickness for strength determined. investigated between there is second degree polynomial relationship. There a minimum point fun...

An association between obesity and symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been frequently reported in western societies. A recent study indicated a consistent association between abdominal diameter and reflux-type symptoms in the white population, but no consistent association in the black population or Asians. It is unclear whether an association persists after adjusting for k...