Entamoeba histolytica was first cultured in vitro in 1925 (Boeck and Drbohlav, 1925) but has not yet been grown in the absence of living bacteria. Experimentally the dependence of E. histolytica on living bacteria in the intestine is well illustrated by the inability of E. histolytica to survive and invade the bowel wall of germ-free guinea-pigs (Phillips, Wolfe, Rees, Gordon, Wright, and Reyni...

Oral mucositis remains one of the most dominant, serious, disrupThe mucositis puzzle is complicated and consists of multiple pieces tive, and symptomatic complications of radiation therapy used for the treatment of cancers of the head and neck (Villa and Sonis, 2015). Progressive mucosal injury accompanies increasing daily radiation fractions until confluent, deep, ulceration develops in the ma...

BACKGROUND To assess changes in oral microflora in dental plaque from cancer patients within 7 days of the first course of chemotherapy, and the relationship of the changes with mucositis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty cancer patients, divided into a test group undergoing chemotherapy and a control group no undergoing chemotherapy, were enrolled in this pilot study. Oral microflora were culture...

The oral cavity being the hub of gamut of microbes, promotes the establishment of distinct microbial communities, such as on the mucosa and teeth. Metabolism of these organisms facilitates the attachment and growth of the subsequent colonisers. A delicate balance is maintained in the microbial ecosystem, with these organisms contributing to normal development and defences. However, any change o...

OBJECTIVE To determine the oral bacterial flora associated with two common local venomous snakes in Hong Kong, namely the Chinese cobra (Naja atra) and the bamboo pit viper (Trimeresurus albolabris). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING A non-government organisation and a regional hospital in Hong Kong. SUBJECTS Thirty-two Chinese cobras and seven bamboo pit vipers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUR...

Normal vaginal flora of sexually mature women consists of lactobacilli, transient or commensal anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, and Candida species from skin and gut flora. The normal pH value of vaginal flora is 3.8–4.4. Lactobacilli predominate in the vaginal flora, primarily L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. iners and L. jensenii, depending on ethnicity. Normal pH values differ significantly betwe...

BACKGROUND Medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, has been used in plastic and reconstructive surgery, to relieve venous congestion and to improve the microrevascularization of flaps. In many countries, wild leeches are still provided from local markets and utilised with antibiotic prophylaxies. In this research, results of identification of bacteria in the transport fluid is reported, oral and i...

Oral candidiasis is closely associated with changes in the oral fungal flora and is caused primarily by Candida albicans. Conventional methods of fungal culture are time-consuming and not always conclusive. However, molecular genetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of fungal rRNA is rapid, reproducible and simple to perform. In this study we examined the fungal flora in pa...

Numerous investigations have been carried out dealing with the absorption of aureomycin into the blood stream, body fluids, and tissues (1, 2). However, no determination of the concentration of this antibiotic within the lumen of the intestine has been reported. Likewise, there have been many studies concerning the effect of oral aureomycin on the intestinal bacterial flora, but these have reli...