We succeeded to fabricate p-n heterojunction and bulkheterojunction small-molecular-weight organic thin-film solar cells by combination of dry (p-type = zinc phthalocyanine, n-type = fullerene) and wet (p-type = tetra-tert-butyl zinc phthalocyanine, n-type = [6,6]-phenylC61-buteric acid methyl ester) processes. Relationship between morphologies of semiconducting layers and photovoltaic properti...

Petroleum contamination of soil is a serious problem throughout the oil producer countries. Vegetation may play an important role in the biodegradation of toxic organic chemicals in soil. For petroleum compounds, the presence of rhizosphere micro flora may accelerate biodegradation of the contaminants. In a greenhouse study, petroleum contaminated soil were treated using phytoremediation . ...

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of organic andinorganic amendments on weed suppression in sweet maize cultivation (Zea maysL.). A randomized complete block design was employed with four replicates pertreatment with each organic amendment used at half (x/2), single (x=10 t ha-1) anddouble (2x) rates (organic fertilization: cow manure, poultry manure and barleymulch; syn...

Research on nitrogen (N) mineralization from organic residues is important to understand N cycling in soils. Here we review research on factors controlling net N mineralization as well as research on laboratory and field modeling efforts, with the objective of highlighting areas with opportunities for additional research. Among the factors controlling net N mineralization are organic compositio...

Here we report on 3 years (1996-1998) of measurements of organic and inorganic nitrogen (N) fluxes to and from Green Lakes Valley, a high-elevation ecosystem in the Colorado Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. Nitrate-N (NO3-N) was the dominant form of N in both precipitation and stream water. Annual precipitation contained 52% NO3-N, 32% ammonium-N (NH4-N), 9% dissolved organic N (DON), and 7%...

this research was carried out for the purpose of urea fertilizer, organic matter and pgpr bacteria effects on yield and some growth indices on winter wheat (triticum aestivum c.v alvand). this research was carried out with factorial experiment on completely randomized design with 4 replication in greenhouse. treatments included bacteria 4 levels, without bacteri, a. brasilense, a. chroococum, i...