The sum of experience and capabilities of individual members of an organization is an important factor that defines the experience and the capabilities of the organization, influencing directly its performance and efficiency (Grusky 1961; Shaw 1981). The degree of organizational learning defines the ability of the organization to transform the experience and the capabilities of individuals into...

Efficiency has been defined in at least two different ways: in terms of the refinement of existing products, processes or capabilities (static efficiency) and as the development of new ones (dynamic efficiency). This paper analyzes the organizational trade-off between these two forms of efficiency. It shows that there is a tendency towards extremes, and that the irreversibility of efficiency or...

Current research in freight transport deals largely with models and routing algorithms, but questions are conspicuously absent regarding organizational development and change in business models. The application of modern IT tools within the transport industry has provided new opportunities to streamline and control transported goods. This paper explores the similarities between urban morphologi...

In the field of human resources management, organizational behaviour and industrial and organizational psychology, the assumption that individual performance follows a Gaussian (normal) distribution – the form of a bell curve with the majority of performers clustered around the mean – has long influenced organizational practice. The study, “The Best and the Rest: Revisiting the Norm of Normalit...

This paper investigates how hospital affiliation in a multi-hospital system (contract managed, owned, sponsored), the number of system hospitals, HMO and PPO contracts, and other factors, impacts hospital cost efficiency. Using a 1996-1999 panel of 248 hospitals, results show that for urban hospitals, increasing the number of hospitals in the system, system ownership and contract management/spo...

O rganizations in the new economy are facing turbulent environments and strong competition. The resource-based view (RBV) of the firm explains the importance of developing valuable and scarce resources and capabilities (Collis & Montgomery, 1995; Hamel, 1994; Prahalad & Hamel, 1990), which are said to be the source of sustainable competitive advantage (Barney, 1991; Barney & Wright, 1998; Wrigh...

efficiency and effectiveness are two effective concepts in performance evaluation of each organization toward reaching to goals with minimum resource consumption. so, this research aims consideration of relationships between behavioral dimensions of job or that is called the topic of organizational behavior or psychology including job stress, job satisfaction, and job interest and job rotation ...