Recent advances in membrane-based separations include chiral separations, nanofiltration, ion-permselectivity, gas separation and pervaporation. Novel chiral separations using enzymes and chiral surfactants as carrier have been achieved using facilitated-transport membranes. Graft-copolymeric membranes have been constructed that possess pH-controlled ion selectivity, and membranes have been mad...

BACKGROUND Butanol is regarded as an advanced biofuel that can be derived from renewable biomass. However, the main challenge for microbial butanol production is low butanol titer, yield and productivity, leading to intensive energy consumption in product recovery. Various alternative separation technologies such as extraction, adsorption and gas stripping, etc., could be integrated with aceton...

Hybrid separation systems have recently been hailed as one of the inost promising alternatives to conventional capital and energy intensive separation processes. Hybrid separation systems are able to effectively separate inixtures commonly encountered in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries that are difficult or impossible to separate by conventional distillation processes due to aze...

in the chemical industry, process intensification is needed to meet important goals such as sustainable and eco-friendly processes. for esterification reaction the “produce more with less pollution” objective can be achieved by coupling reaction and separation in a so called integrated process. in this work a model for describing the esterification reaction of ethyl acetate in pervaporation mem...

Relationships between the transplanted tumor and its host . --A growing neoplasm that will eventually cause the death of the hos t may or may not develop daughter colonies, or metastases. When a mouse tumor is successfully transplanted into new hosts the same tendency either to metastasize in a certain percentage of the host mice or to remain localized is apparently shown by the tumors of later...

Soils represent an important filter and buffer system for many cations and anions. Generally, their sorption properties are determined by the contents and compositions of clay minerals and humic substances. A great part of the soil organic matter is associated with clay minerals forming organomineral complexes (Greenland, 1965) which are of pronounced importance with respect to element transpor...