Three Low Molecular Weight Fluorescent probes (LMFPs) coumarin-enamine (3a-c) have been synthesized, and their photophysical properties studied in different solvent systems (DMSO, CH3CN, DMF, MeOH, EtOH, Me2CO, MeCO2Et, CHCl3, C6H5Me, C6H6). Dimethyl sulfoxide was chosen as the optimum to investigate 3a for organophosphate detection. On deprotonation of oxime, a significant spectroscopic shift ...

Various organophosphorus compounds, particularly those with low acute toxicity levels, such as Fenitrothion (common name; Sumithion), Fenthion (common name; Baycid) and Pyridaphenthion (common name; Ofunack), are widely used as insecticides around the world. PAM (2-Pyridinum aldoxime methiodide), the specific antidote against Parathion, is not very effective against poisoning by these organopho...

BACKGROUND Residential proximity to agricultural pesticide use has been associated with neural tube defects and autism, but more subtle outcomes such as cognition have not been studied. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the relationship between prenatal residential proximity to agricultural use of potentially neurotoxic pesticides and neurodevelopment in 7-year-old children. METHODS Participants incl...

Ethoprop, oxamyl, PP 156, fenamiphos, carbofuran , AC 64,475, Bunema M, CG 12223, aldicarb, aldicarbsulfoxide, and aldicarbsulfone were tested for their effects on hatching and emergence of larvae from cysts of Heterodera schachtii. The oxime carbamates and carbofuran inhibited hatching , but this response was reversed by removing the chemical treatment . Inhibition of hatching by Bunema M and ...

We conducted standard insecticide susceptibility testing across western Kenya and found that the Anopheles gambiae mosquito has acquired high resistance to pyrethroids and DDT, patchy resistance to carbamates, but no resistance to organophosphates. Use of non-pyrethroid-based vector control tools may be preferable for malaria prevention in this region.

A correlation has been found between the reactivity in the alkaline hydrolysis reaction of a new series of organophosphates and their ability or disability to produce the clinical manifestations of delayed neurotoxicity in hen. At a dose of 1000 mg/kg only compounds exceeding a lower limit of reactivity (about 6x10-2 M-1S-1) are active.

Prolonged exposure to organophosphates in low concentrations caused diarrhoea in 38 students, lecturers and other personnel at an agricultural college. The symptoms of those affected, plasma pseudocholinesterase levels, topography of the orchards and vegetable gardens, the various insecticides and quantities used, and the exposure due to prevailing winds have been studied. We conclude that safe...

The clinical features of neurological damage produced by acrylamide, lead, organophosphates, hexacarbon solvents, and methylmercury are described, and the differences in effects of these compounds are stressed. The characteristic pattern of electrophysiological changes for each group of substances are described and correlated with pathological findings.

Background—Human, animal and cell models support a role for pesticides in the etiology of Parkinson disease. Susceptibility to pesticides may be modified by genetic variants of xenobiotic enzymes, such as paraoxonase, that play a role in metabolizing some organophosphates. Methods—We examined associations between Parkinson disease and the organophosphates diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and parathion, ...