single-valence electron atoms are an important class of atoms. their oscillator strengths are their important properties. knowing the oscillator strengths one can easity calculate the transition probabilities of the spectral lines and hence the lifetimes of energy levels of most atoms. the oscillator strengths of the spectral lines of most atoms are not knoen with sufficient accuracy due to the...

sinusoidal. Relaxation oscillator generates the triangular, saw tooth and other non-sinusoidal waveforms. Sinusoidal oscillators consist of amplifiers. 2409Sinusoidal and Non-sinusoidal Oscillators 2409 (e) Heterodyne or beat-frequency oscillator (BFO). The active devices (bipolars, FETs or unijunction. To generate the AC voltage, the oscillator circuit will receive the energy from a DC The Osc...

We previously proposed a neural segmentation model suitable for implementation with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. The model consists of neural oscillators mutually coupled through synaptic connections. The learning is governed by a symmetric spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). Here we demonstrate and evaluate the circuit operation of the proposed model with a ne...

--The All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop (ADPLL) is digital electronic circuit that are used in modern electronic communication systems like frequency synthesizer, modulator/demodulator etc. This paper presents a review of various ADPLL techniques. The range of input frequency of ADPLL is 40 to 98 MHz; the output frequency may be up to 2.92 to 4 GHz range. The components of ADPLL such as phase detec...

Shape memory and pseudoelastic effects are thermomechanical phenomena associated with martensitic phase transformations, presented by shape memory alloys. The dynamical analysis of intelligent systems that use shape memory actuators involves a multi-degree of freedom system. This contribution concerns with the chaotic response of shape memory systems. Two different systems are considered: a sin...

The decay of a metastable system is described by extending Kramers' method to the quantal regime. For temperatures above twice the crossover value we recover the result known from applying Euclidean path integrals to solvable models. Our derivation is not restricted to a linearly coupled heat bath of oscillators, and thus applicable to nuclear systems.

We demonstrate the control of chaos in a nonlinear circuit constructed from readily available electronic components. Control is achieved using recursive proportional feedback, which is applicable to chaotic dynamics in highly dissipative systems and can be implemented using experimental data in the absence of model equations. The application of recursive proportional feedback to a simple electr...

We present a review on the electronic design of chaotic oscillators. Multi-scroll chaotic oscillators are listed according to their electronic implementations. A 3-scrolls oscillator is analyzed from its mathematical description, and designed with current-feedback operational amplifiers. Finally, we list the integrated realizations, and discuss key points for future research on the design of mu...

duffing harmonic oscillator is a common model for nonlinear phenomena in science and engineering. this paper presents he´s energy balance method (ebm) for solving nonlinear differential equations. two strong nonlinear cases have been studied analytically. analytical results of the ebm are compared with the solutions obtained by using he´s frequency amplitude formulation (faf) and numerical solu...

We use evolutionary search to nd automatically electronic circuits that toggle an output line at, or close to, a given target frequency. Recon gurable hardware in the form of eld-programmable gate arrays|as opposed to circuit simulation|computes the tness of a circuit which guides the evolutionary search. We nd empirically that oscillating circuits can be evolved that closely approximate some o...