This open-access article is published and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial No Derivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits the noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction of the article in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this article witho...

This open-access article is published and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial No Derivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits the noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction of the article in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this article witho...

Subtalar joint dislocations are very uncommon and occur following high energy injury, usually motor vehicular accidents. They account for around 1-2% of dislocations. We present to you, a few cases subtalar dislocation managed initially by closed reduction, followed open reduction under anesthesia, with excellent functional outcome. Close fifty percent patients suffering from complicated freque...

A classification and plan of management for carpal dislocations are presented, based upon the following basic premises: perilunate and lunate dislocations are different stages of the same injury and are therefore managed identically; displacement may be either dorsal or volar; anatomic restoration of the 3 key elements (scaphoid, lunate, and capitate) is essential. Following initial closed redu...

The elbow is a complex joint and is vital in positioning the hand in space. We believe that open reduction internal fixation offers the best chance for return to function following intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus. We advocate the following principles for the effective treatment of these injuries: identification and protection of the ulnar nerve followed by transposition, broad e...

Twenty patients with an average age of eighteen and a half years sustained osteochondral fractures of the lateral femoral condyle as the result of a sudden twist and valgus strain to the straight or almost straight knee. All the patients felt sudden pain at the moment of injury, all had a haemarthrosis, and yet the fracture escaped early diagnosis in one-third of the cases. Internal fixation of...

Fracture of the femoral head (OTA 31-C1.3) following anterior obturator dislocations are a challenging problem as the fractures are often communited, impacted and with loose osteochondral fragments, making surgical fixation difficult. This can result in residual articular defects if the fragments cannot be internally fixed and need be excised, predisposing to secondary osteoarthritis. Treatment...

The initial evaluation of acute knee pain should include plain radiography, which is a quick and cost-effective way to identify a wide range of problems, including fracture, degenerative changes, osteochondral defects, and effusions. Computed tomography (CT) is the test of choice to better delineate fractures in patients who have knee trauma. If the history and physical examination point to dam...

This open-access article is published and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial No Derivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits the noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction of the article in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this article witho...

The sesamoid complex is located centrally and plantar to the first metatarsal head, where they are imbedded within the plantar plate, which transmits 50% of body weight and more than 300% during push-off, is susceptible to numerous pathologies. These pathologies include sesamoiditis, stress fracture, avascular necrosis, osteochondral fractures, and chondromalacia, and are secondary to these lar...