There are many facets of the neurobiology of substance use that are distinct in adolescence as compared with adulthood. The adolescent brain is subject to intense subcortical reward processes, but is left with an immature prefrontal control system that is often unable to resist the pull of potentially exciting activities like substance use, even when fully aware of the dangers involved. Peer in...

Institut für Mikrobiologie, Mikrobielle Phytopathologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D6 07743 Jena, Germany, 1 Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology 7 Hans Knöll Institut D-07745 Jena, 2 Institut für Virologie und antivirale Therapie, Friedrich8 Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, 3 Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie II, 9 Technische Univer...

As the first in their families to attend college, first-generation college students (FGCs) experience a discrepancy between the opportunities available to them and those available to their non-college-educated family members that elicits family achievement guilt. The present studies examined family achievement guilt among an ethnically diverse sample of FGCs and continuing-generation college st...

The authors examined parenting practices and developmental expectations among 38 Hispanic and 38 Anglo-American mothers living in the United States. Mothers of children 3 to 5 years of age completed the Parent Behavior Checklist (R. A. Fox, 1994), a 100-item measure of parents' developmental expectations, discipline, and nurturing practices. In addition, the authors appraised the Hispanic mothe...

In theory, there is nothing so practical as a good theory. When it comes to substance use (su) there is no shortage of theories (Flay, Petraitis, & Miller, 1995). In fact, Lettieri, Sayers, and Pearson (1980) reviewed 43 different theories of su 20 years ago, and the list has grown measurably since then. Unfortunately, there is a gap between su theories and su prevention. Years of work developi...

This paper extends our work on the Warwick Framework a container architecture for multiple metadata packages that might be associated with a common resource. Since we believe that metadata is only “meta” in relation to other resources, we have generalized the framework to allow containers to hold or reference any sort of resource, not just those normally considered as metadata. Second, since su...

The rapid increase in aquaculture production and trade, and increased attention to the negative effects of disease, are becoming stimuli for developing national biosecurity strategies for farmed fisheries, for which the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Aquatic Animal Health Code and Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals serve as an excellent framework. Using examples from a f...

In 1991, J. E. Thomson determined completely the structure of H2(μ), the closed subspace of L2(μ) that is spanned by the polynomials, whenever μ is a compactly supported measure in the complex plane. As a consequence he was able to show that if H2(μ) = L2(μ), then every function f ∈ H2(μ) admits an analytic extension to a fixed open set Ω, thereby confirming in this context a phenomenon noted e...

Changes in a patient’s patterns of cocaine use are generally considered an important outcome measure of treatment efficacy. Other treatment outcome measures are important as well, but if a treatment does not stop or significantly decrease the intensity of a cocaine addict’s cocaine use, many would question the treatment’s efficacy. Examination of a patient’s urine for evidence of cocaine or coc...