Nonvisual responses to light, such as photic entrainment of the circadian clock, involve intrinsically light-sensitive melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells as well as rod and cone photoreceptors. However, previous studies have been unable to demonstrate a specific contribution of cones in the photic control of circadian responses to light. Using a mouse model that specifically lacks mid-wavelen...

This paper addresses the issues related with conventional near–far user pairing in non-orthogonal multiple access. Performance effects of near–far pairing on regions with negligible channel gain differences between users are investigated. These regions occur when pairing is performed between cell center and cell edge users, thus leaving the cell mid users to be either paired with each other or ...

Genes involved in disease that are not common are often difficult to identify; a method that pinpoints them from a small number of unrelated patients will be of great help. In order to establish such a method that detects recessive genes identical-by-descent, we modified homozygosity mapping (HM) so that it is constructed on the basis of homozygosity haplotype (HM on HH) analysis. An analysis u...

We derive the exact one-step transition probabilities of the number of lineages that are ancestral to a random sample from the current generation of a bi-parental population that is evolving under the discrete Wright-Fisher model with n diploid individuals. Our model allows for a per-generation recombination probability of r . When r = 1, our model is equivalent to Chang's (Adv Appl Probab 31:1...

One of the limiting factors for high resolution magnetic resonance coronary angiography (MRCA) is the motion of the heart during breathing. Current approaches use mainly motion correction in one dimension. We aimed to determine the relation between diaphragmatic motion and cardiac motion as well as the potential influence from external restraints reducing thoracical anterior posterior (AP) moti...

BACKGROUND The classification of HIV-1 strains in subtypes and Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) has helped in tracking the course of the HIV pandemic. In Senegal, which is located at the tip of West Africa, CRF02_AG predominates in the general population and Female Sex Workers (FSWs). In contrast, 40% of Men having Sex with Men (MSM) in Senegal are infected with subtype C. In this study we ...

We introduce a novel mid-structure called the generalized swept mid-structure (GSM) of a closed polygonal shape, and a framework to compute it. The GSM contains both curve and surface elements and has consistent sheet-by-sheet topology, versus triangle-by-triangle topology produced by other mid-structure methods. To obtain this structure, a harmonic function, defined on the volume that is enclo...

Background It is well known that the DCM patients having Late Gadolinium Enhancement at Mid-layer of LV septal wall (Mid-LGE) shows poor prognosis compared to the case not having Mid-LGE However, about the other histopathological differences by the existence of Mid-LGE, it is not clear. On the other hand, in recent years, it became possible to calculate ECV from measurement of T1 value of the m...