Introduction: Rocks and soils are mostly an intimate mixture of component minerals. Photons of light falling onto such a target are multiply scattered and in the process interact with more than one type of mineral. The reflected photons received at the detector therefore carry information from multiple components present in the mixture, with individual components contributing to the reflected p...

The porosity of a zone can be estimated either from a single “porosity log” (sonic, density, neutron, or magnetic resonance log) or a combination of porosity logs, in order to correct for variable lithology effects in complex reservoirs. In the carbonates, mineral mixtures are primarily drawn from calcite, dolomite, and quartz (either as sand grains or as chert); anhydrite and gypsum may also o...

Relationships between riverbed morphology, concavity, rock type and rock uplift rate are examined to independently unravel the contribution of along-strike variations in lithology and rates of vertical deformation to the topographic relief of the Oregon coastal mountains. Lithologic control on river profile form is reflected by convexities and knickpoints in a number of longitudinal profiles an...

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Seismological images represent maps of the earth’s structure. Apparent bandwidth limitation of seismic data prevents successful estimation of transition sharpness by the multiscale wavelet transform. We discuss the application of two recently developed techniques for (non-linear) singularity analysis designed for bandwidth limited data, such as imaged seismic reflectivity. The first method is a...

This paper contains a numerical analysis of stability, order of accuracy and consistencyof the staggered grid finite difference scheme, used on the elastic wave-equation, as de-scribed by Levander (1988). 1 Finite Difference Analysis1.1 Analysis of Finite Difference SchemesA given partial differential equation can be solved using finite differences. As an example,conside...