Electrophilic high-valent metal ions are potent intermediates for the catalytic functionalization of methane, but in many cases, their high redox potentials make these intermediates difficult or impossible to access using mild stoichiometric oxidants derived from O2. Herein, we establish electrochemical oxidation as a versatile new strategy for accessing high-valent methane monofunctionalizatio...

Free radicals intermediates are formed on the surface of metal oxide semiconductors, namely Ti02 and Fe203, following the light-induced charge separation upon band-gap illu-mination. These radicals appear to adhere strongly to the ~.urfaces of the small colloidal particles (diameters between 5 and 20 nm) employed in this study. A second electron-transfer step yielding the observed end-products ...

Ecologically-relevant marine diatoms produce a plethora of bioactive oxylipins deriving from fatty acid oxidation, including aldehydes, hydroxy-fatty acids, epoxy-hydroxy-fatty acids, and oxo-acids. These secondary metabolites have been related to the negative effect of diatoms on copepod reproduction, causing low hatching success and teratogenesis in the offspring during periods of intense dia...

A macrocyclic ligand (L(4-)) comprising two pyridine(dicarboxamide) donors was used to target reactive copper species relevant to proposed intermediates in catalytic hydrocarbon oxidations by particulate methane monooxygenase and heterogeneous zeolite systems. Treatment of LH4 with base and Cu(OAc)2·H2O yielded (Me4N)2[L2Cu4(μ4-O)] (1) or (Me4N)[LCu2(μ-OH)] (2), depending on conditions. Complex...

Protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an abundant protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes dithiol oxidation and disulfide bond reduction and isomerization using the active site CGHC. Haploid pdi1 delta Saccharomyces cerevisiae are inviable, but can be complemented with either a wild-type rat PDI gene or a mutant gene coding for CGHS PDI (shufflease). In contrast, pdi1 delta yeast can...

Citric acid cycle activity in mitochondria from mung bean (Phaseolus aureus var. Jumbo) hypocotyls were examined by surveying (a) characteristics of oxidation of cycle intermediates; (b) activities of cycle enzymes in mitochondrial extracts; (c) contents of cycle intermediates and electron transport components in isolated mitochondria; and (d) time-course changes of products formed during oxida...

N-acyliminium ions are useful reactive synthetic intermediates in a variety of important carbon-carbon bond forming and cyclisation strategies in organic chemistry. The advent of an electrochemical anodic oxidation of unfunctionalised amides, more commonly known as the Shono oxidation, has provided a complementary route to the C-H activation of low reactivity intermediates. In this article, con...

conclusions the results of this study show that it is possible to remove nitrate, and its intermediates from waste water. regarding the desirability of the process, the field scale study is proposed. results the results showed that by applying electric current of 0.14 a for 120 minutes, the nitrate content would reduce down to 97%. the obtained r2 for the nitrate removal model was higher than 0...

Exposure of rats to low environmental temperature causes marked changes in their lipide metabolism (l-6). One of the most striking alterations can be seen in rats that have fasted for 1 day at a temperature of O-2” (“cold-fasted” rats). The livers of these animals are heavily infiltrated with fat and contain almost no glycogen. Studies in vitro showed that liver slices prepared from these rats ...

Odd carbon fatty acids are considered to be oxidized in tissue by successive fl oxidation in much the same way that even carbon members of the series are (14). The terminal S-carbon unit has been investigated to some extent. Atchley (5) demonstrated propionic acid as an end-product in the oxidation of valeric acid by a rabbit enzyme system. Studies on malonate inhibition with odd carbon fatty a...