It is often found that the characteristic patterns obtained from redox potential measurements in metabolic studies are invalidated by possible variations in the media as well. Consequently the patterns so obtained do not give a true picture of the metabolism, and therefore do not reflect properly the manifestations of life. Experiments were carried out to show the extent of these variations, an...

In the environment, chemical reactions at the mineral/water interface occur over a range of temporal scales, ranging from microseconds to years. Many important mineral surface processes (e.g., adsorption, oxidation-reduction, precipitation) are characterized by a rapid initial reaction on time-scales of milliseconds to minutes, and are often limited by the formation of secondary mineral phases....

Following the discovery that the guaianolide natural product eupalinilide E promotes the expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells; the development of a synthetic route to provide laboratory access to the natural product became a priority. Exploration of multiple synthetic routes yielded an approach that has permitted a scalable synthesis of the natural product. Two routes that faile...

background: this study investigated the protective effects of aqueous extracts of anogeissus leiocarpus (dc) guill & perr (combretaceae) and terminalia avicennioides guill & perr (combretaceae) root barks, as well as their 1:1 (w/w) mixture on liver redox and haematological parameters of diethylnitrosamine-treated rats. methods: rats were orally administered distilled water, diethylnitrosamine ...

Plasmonic catalytic reactions of molecules with single amine or nitro groups have been investigated in recent years. However, plasmonic catalysis of molecules with multiple amine and/or nitro groups is still unknown. In this paper, plasmon-driven catalytic reactions of 4,4'-dinitroazobenzene (DNAB), 4,4'-diaminoazobenzene (DAAB) and 4-nitro-4'-aminoazobenzene (NAAB) are investigated using elect...

Graphene-supported bimetallic nanoparticles are promising nanocatalysts, which can show strong and tunable catalytic activity and selectivity. Herein room-temperature-ionic-liquid-assisted metal sputtering is utilized to synthesize PdAu bimetallic nanoparticles on graphene with bare surface, small size, high surface density and controlled Pd-to-Au ratio. This controllable synthetic approach is ...

An oxygen-tolerant respiratory [NiFe]-hydrogenase is proven to be a four-electron hydrogen/oxygen oxidoreductase, catalyzing the reaction 2 H2 + O2 = 2 H2O, equivalent to hydrogen combustion, over a sustained period without inactivating. At least 86% of the H2O produced by Escherichia coli hydrogenase-1 exposed to a mixture of 90% H2 and 10% O2 is accounted for by a direct four-electron pathway...

A photocatalyst is defined as a functional composite material with three components: photo-harvester (e.g. semiconductor), reduction cocatalyst (e.g. for hydrogen evolution) and oxidation cocatalyst (e.g. for oxidation evolution from water). Loading cocatalysts on semiconductors is proved to be an effective approach to promote the charge separation and transfer, suppress the charge recombinatio...

Transition metal carbides (TMCs) and transition metal nitrides (TMNs) have attracted attention as promising electrocatalysts that could replace noble metals of high price and limited supply. Relative to parent metals, TMC and TMN behave like noble metals for electrochemical reactions such as oxidation of hydrogen, CO and alcohols, and reduction of oxygen. When TMC and TMN are combined with othe...