A hypothesis is presented suggesting that nicotinamide (NIC) is an initial signal substance in the response of eukaryotic cells to conditions which cause DNA-strand breakage, especially in connection with oxidative stress. In the stressed cell, NIC is released as a result of the activity of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PADPRP). PADPRP is known to be activated by DNA-strand breakage, caused by e....

This research describes the preparation and sensor applications of multifunctional monodisperse, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles-embedded poly(styrene)/poly(thiophene) (Fe₃O₄-PSt/PTh), core/shell nanoparticles. Monodisperse Fe₃O₄-PSt/PTh nanoparticles were prepared by free-radical combination (mini-emulsion/emulsion) polymerization for Fe₃O₄-PSt core and oxidative seeded emulsion polymerization for PTh she...

The toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize microbial pathogens and pathogen-associated molecular patterns and trigger inflammatory immune responses to control the infection. Here, we examined functional innate immune responses to Salmonella enteritidis (SE, live or formalin-killed) and various TLR agonists including lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PGN) from Staphylococcus aureus and sy...

The presence of retinoic acid (RA) during in vitro maturation (IVM) improves bovine oocyte quality and developmental potential. In this work, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were meiotically arrested by roscovitine and/or matured in defined medium containing RA, 1% ethanol (vehicle), or no additives. Cumulus-free oocytes were analyzed for poly-(A) m...

Abstract The paper presents a method of the preparation and functionalization polymer microspheres consisting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) crosslinking agents: 1,4-dimethacryloyloxybenzene (1,4DMB) trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM). Poly(GMA- co -1,4DMB) poly(GMA- -TRIM) were obtained by seed swelling polymerization. To introduce thiol groups into structure, reaction with thiocarboxylic ...

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are defined as a family of cell-signaling enzymes present in eukaryotes, which are involved in poly(ADP-ribosylation) of DNA-binding proteins. PARP enzymes are activated in response to DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation, oxidative stress, and DNAbinding antitumor drugs (Lindahl et al., 1995; D’Amours et al., 1999). Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1...

poly methyl methacrylate (pmma) is the most common material used in prosthodontics. several studies indicate a breakdown of the number of very high resin bases after 2 to 3 years to avoid breaking bass and several attempts have been made, such as altering the chemical structure of resin by adding causes cross linking or copolymerization. the innovative method for improving the physical properti...

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is an inexpensive, commercially available polymer that has many biomedical and material applications. Due to its water-solubility biocompatibility, it been used in drug conjugation, as a humectant, anti-foaming agent food, stabilizer for preservation of antique wooden objects. Despite the robust applications PEG, products oxidative degradation are not fully understoo...