Let us consider S1, S2. We introduce S1 b S2 and S2 c S1 as synonyms of S1 is finer than S2. The following four propositions are true: (3)1 ⋃ (S1 \{ / 0}) = ⋃ S1. (4) For all partitions P1, P2 of Y such that P1 c P2 and P2 c P1 holds P2 ⊆ P1. (5) For all partitions P1, P2 of Y such that P1 c P2 and P2 c P1 holds P1 = P2. (7)2 For all partitions P1, P2 of Y such that P1 c P2 holds P1 is coarser ...

Although much research shows that early sensory and attentional processing is affected by mind wandering, the effect of mind wandering on deep (i.e. semantic) processing is relatively unexplored. To investigate this relation, we recorded event-related potentials as participants studied English-Spanish word pairs, one at a time, while being intermittently probed for whether they were 'on task' o...

Connexin hemichannels regulate many cell functions. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain elusive. Hemichannel opening causes loss of ATP, we therefore speculated a potential role for AMPK in the biological actions of hemichannels. Activation of hemichannels by removal of extracellular Ca(2+) led to an efflux of ATP and a weak activation of AMPK. Unexpectedly, dysfunction of hemicha...

The Ultimatum Game (UG) is a typical paradigm to investigate social decision-making. Although the behavior of humans in this task is already well established, the underlying brain processes remain poorly understood. Previous investigations using event-related potentials (ERPs) revealed three major components related to cognitive processes in participants engaged in the responder condition, the ...

BACKGROUND A paradoxical enhancement of the magnitude of the N1 wave of the auditory event-related potential (ERP) has been described when auditory stimuli are presented at very short (< 400 ms) inter-stimulus intervals (ISI). Here, we examined whether this enhancement is specific for the auditory system, or whether it also affects ERPs elicited by stimuli belonging to other sensory modalities....

The articles [1], [6], [15], [17], [5], [2], [3], [16], [7], [14], [13], [10], [11], [8], [4], [9], and [12] provide the notation and terminology for this paper. One can prove the following propositions: (1) For all real numbers a, b, d and for every point p of E2 T such that a < b and p2 = d and a ≤ p1 and p1 ≤ b holds p ∈ L([a, d], [b, d]). (2) Let n be a natural number, P be a subset of E T,...

A mutation of the forkhead box protein P2 (FOXP2) gene is associated with severe deficits in human speech and language acquisition. In rodents, the humanized form of FOXP2 promotes faster switching from declarative to procedural learning strategies when the two learning systems compete. Here, we examined a polymorphism of FOXP2 (rs6980093) in humans (214 adults; 111 females) for associations wi...

The study of factorization in the linearized gravity is extended to the graviton scattering processes with a massive scalar particle, with a massless vector boson and also with a graviton. Every transition amplitude is shown to be completely factorized and the physical implications of their common factors are discussed. Pacs numbers : 04.60.+n, 12.25.+e Typeset using REVTEX 1 Gravitational gaug...

Material and methods. The research included 45 pig mandibles (n = 45). The specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 15) according to the laser irradiation mode and wavelength; G1 – 445 nm laser, power: 3 W, continuous wave (CW), distance: 2 mm, power density: 7460 W/cm2, fiber: 320 μm, noncontact mode; G2 – 445 nm laser (power: 2 W, CW, power density: 4970 W/cm2, fiber: 320 μm, contac...

Oscillatory behavior of glycolysis in cell-free extracts of rat skeletal muscle involves bursts of phosphofructokinase activity due to autocatalytic activation by fructose-1,6-P2. Fructose-2,6-P2 is an even more potent activator of phosphofructokinase and is competitive with fructose-1,6-P2 in binding and kinetic studies. The possible role and effects of fructose-2,6-P2 on the oscillating syste...