Background & Objective: Pain is an unpleasant feeling that influences the quality of patients’ life. Arteriovenous fistula catheterization pain can be reduced in hemodialysis patients with nonmedicinal and noninvasive methods of pain relief. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of cryotherapy at the Hoku point on the severity of the pain of catheterization in hemodialysis patients.  M...

background most patients with trauma experience different levels of pain. due to side effects as well as economic burden of drugs used for pain relief after trauma commonly, it is important to use low-cost methods independently or combined with drugs to alleviate pain. objectives therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of topical sesame oil on pain severity and frequency of recei...

background: acute postoperative pain is an important surgical side effect that may delay patient discharge in ambulatory operations; moreover, the strategies used to alleviate pain may cause side effects that require longer hospitalization to recover. in this clinical trial, we compared two current anesthetic methods with special concerns about postoperative pain intensity beside other importan...

purpose there is a decrease in quadriceps muscle strength in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome. various types of strengthening exercises of the quadriceps are done as part of its management, but the effect of isotonic eccentric quadriceps muscle exercises on patellofemoral pain syndrome has not been studied. hence the aim of this exploratory pilot study was to evaluate the effect of ec...

Objective: Few studies have investigated the frequency and intensity of pain and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, researchers recommend systematic screening and managing pain and depression in patients with MS. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Therapy (MBT) in reducing pain and depression in patients with MS. Methods: This is a quasi...

background long-term clinical symptoms and functional status of above-knee amputees are not well documented. this study documents the long-term outcomes of war related above-knee amputations. objective to study the long-term outcomes of unilateral above-knee amputation. materials and methods the study consisted of a comprehensive assessment, examination, and review of history and wartime medica...