We analyze Case in terms of independent constraints on syntactic structures — namely, the Projection Principle (inherent Case), the ECP (marked structural Case), and the theory of extended projections (the nominative, a Caseless nominal projection). The resulting theory accounts for (1) the government constraint on Case assignment, (2) all major Case systems (accusative, ergative, active, three...

Languages group verbs in different ways. Because of the ergative feature Zazaki, it plays a big role whether are transitive or intransitive. Zaza Language introduces some pronouns to distinguish double-transitive from and intransitive verbs. In linguistic works, terms used synonymously. This article aims scrutinize ditransitive constructions language, which has interesting syntactic elements th...

Disability weight for each disease plays a key role in combining years lived with disability and years of life lost in disability adjusted life year. For the Korean Burden of Disease 2012 study, we have conducted a re-estimation of disability weights for causes of disease by adapting the methodology of a recent Global Burden of Disease study. Our study was conducted through a self-administered ...

In this paper, I discuss the case and agreement system of Nias, a language that has been described as a marked-absolutive system by various authors (Donohue and Brown, 1999; Corbett, 2006; Cysouw, 2005; Handschuh, 2008; Wichmann, 2005). I shall argue in particular that the ergativity of this language is highly superficial in nature, showing that hypothesised marked-absolutive arguments fail to ...

The paper deals with the typology of the case marking of semantic core roles. The competing economy considerations of hearer (disambiguation) and speaker (minimal effort) are formalized in terms of evolutionary game theory. It will be shown that the case marking patterns that are attested in the languages of the world are those that are evolutionary stable for different relative weightings of s...

A tool introduced by Rastier (and based on Sowa, 1984), the semantic graph can be used to represent any semantic structure in terms of semes and the relations between them. The semes are the nodes of the semantic graph (shown in boxes or brackets) and the relations are the links (shown in ellipses or parentheses). The arrows indicate the direction of the relation between nodes. Most semantic st...

Abstract In this article, we first show that the Bribri (Chibchan) middle voice suffix - r derives passive from active transitive and agentive intransitive verbs, as well anticausative verbs nominal adjectival roots. Second, focus on five media tantum i.e., forms synchronically carry have no counterpart without . Unlike most other these are labile, they can occur in syntactically constructions ...