BACKGROUND Intestinal phosphate binders, uremic toxin binders and some other types of supplements are an integral part of the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in various species, including cats. This pathology in domestic carnivores requires life-long nutritional and medical management. In this context, the compliance of owners and patients cannot be achieved without an adequate level...

Infusion of a μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist into the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) drives voracious food intake, an effect hypothesized to occur through increased tastant palatability. While intake of many palatable foods is elevated by MOR stimulation, this manipulation has a preferential effect on fatty food ingestion. Consumption of high-fat foods is increased by NAcc MOR stimulation even in ra...

this research was conducted to identify the limitative factors of forage productionsuitability in order to achieve the sustainable exploitation of natural ecosystems in aliabadwatershed in lorestan in 2013. the field measurements have been done through cutting andweighing method to estimate the forage amount, four-factor method to determine the rangecondition, trend scale to specify the orienta...