abstract background: screening is a necessity for country health systems. in undeveloped countries that have no screening programs, cervical carcinoma is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity. although cervical cancer is preventable it is poorly controlled in some countries. the main cause of it is unawareness of people from cervical cancer and screening methods. methods: the targe...

conclusions specimen adequacy and diagnosis of inflammatory reaction were better in liquid base smear and convention smear, respectively. results specimen adequacy and smear quality were significantly better in liquid base sampling (p = 0.03); presence of benign cellular changes was not different between the two groups (p = 0.389). diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis was significantly better with ...

Background: The Papanicolaou test (Pap test) is most sensitive and widely used screening test for early diagnosis of various cervical lesions including infections. Objectives: To know the utility of Pap smears in diagnosing cervical infections and to study the pattern of infections on Pap smears occurring in this region of India. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of Pap smear reports...

The present research uses self-determination theory to examine whether autonomous and controlled regulation of performance-approach (PAp) goals would differentially predict educational outcomes and add to the variance explained by the goal strength. Two cross-sectional studies among 10th to 12th grade students supported this hypothesis but showed that when regulations of PAp goals were entered ...

Background. Liquid-based Pap (L-Pap) media are used for Pap and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. Objectives. To compare RealTime High Risk (HR) HPV testing of a new collection kit (Cervi-Collect) and PreservCyt L-Pap specimens. To determine ease of use and safety of Cervi-Collect. Methods. L-Pap samples (n = 203) were tested with HC2 and RealTime HR HPV and Cervi-Collect with RealTime HR HPV...

Abstract Transgenic plants expressing immunoglobulin (Ig) M Fc-fused Prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) antigenic proteins (PAP-IgM FcK) and J-chain were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The Fc region was tagged with the ER retention motif (KDEL) to make PAP-IgM FcK. Two transgenic crossed together generate F 1 both FcK × J-chain). PCR RT-PCR analyses confirmed transgene inserti...

Star-PAP is a noncanonical poly(A) polymerase and required for the expression of a select set of mRNAs. However, the pathological role of Star-PAP in cancer largely remains unknown. In this study, we observed decreased expression of Star-PAP in breast cancer cell lines and tissues. Ectopic Star-PAP expression inhibited proliferation as well as colony-forming ability of breast cancer cells. In b...

OBJECTIVE To determine relationships of socio-economic factors and contraceptive behaviours with PAP testing in sexually active women aged 15-19 who had received physician services in northern Nova Scotia in the previous year. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was completed by adolescents attending four high schools in three counties in northern Nova Scotia. Questions concerned contraceptive b...

OBJECTIVE The study was planned with the purpose of examining the attitude of women who have pap-smear test for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer, factors affecting their decisions and their feelings and experiences during this period. MATERIALS AND METHODS A phenomenological method was used. Data were collected between March 2012 and April 2012 using standard and purposive samplings fro...

Almost all eukaryotic mRNAs have a poly (A) tail at the 3'-end. Canonical PAPs (PAPα/γ) polyadenylate nuclear pre-mRNAs. The recent identification of the non-canonical Star-PAP revealed specificity of nuclear PAPs for pre-mRNAs, yet the mechanism how Star-PAP selects mRNA targets is still elusive. Moreover, how Star-PAP target mRNAs having canonical AAUAAA signal are not regulated by PAPα is un...